Thread: Iraqi/Dinar news until March 1st, 2007

Baghdad-Mohammed Ismail The Federation of importers and exporters of five Iraqis and economic delegations, within its agenda for the first half of this year 2007 Chem Al Bahrain, Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey and Korea, said President of the Russian firm Albldawi : We will participate in the activities of the industrial exhibition, which will be mounted in but Gadea through next March.

Forum and the first Gulf-Iraq, which will be mounted in the Bahraini capital Almenamenha during the time (24-26) the same month. The second exhibition for the reconstruction of Iraq, to be built t a 23-May 27, 2007 in the city of Ghazi Antab-third pain Turkish industrial den under the slogan (gateway to Iraq) according Albldawi who added : The Russian will be at two Romanians international Lalla Qumshah uniforms Igaman of a 14-March 18, 2007 as well the exhibition of fabrics over twelve days where j began on the 4th of March and lasts until the 16th of in the city (Daijo) south of Korea.

In an attempt to continue with the latest industry standard achieved Aal Mia, in order to contribute to the development of the industrial infrastructure of Iraq.

I think a similar article have been posted, but it is todays date on it!

D. Ismail Hammadi Ebeid When one loses money and important functions as a unit of measurement the value of things due to inflation caused by the wild sister. Lal monetary policies, which can record figures the follow-up e affect people on the whole phenomenon cheek ray cash transmitted diseases to the politicians who Toe each task of economic policy-making, especially when to ignore the advice provided by economists.

Iraq has seen this problem since the mid - 80th lei of the last century and has become more acute during the period of a siege the one who lasted almost thirteen years prior to the occupation. At a time of continued occupation of this phenomenon and has a dimension outpost is the infiltration in the minds of international experts Onze behind Iraqis when talking about billions Aldola The American pledged by the donor countries e for the reconstruction of what was destroyed by the occupation estimated amounts as a for required for the loan at $ 120 billion and has promised T. button donor countries 33 billion dollars alone Lamy Arka allocate 18 billion dollars by acting as Damocles j deems appropriate without going through channels Iraqi e. If the figure estimated for the reconstruction of Iraq and T. Erosion test, the first question can be posed by the economic neutral respected profession,

which is how it was reached by the No.? Were assessing the true value of Beni only Rtkazeh destroyed during the occupation, or if the issue does not only the overthrow impose laughed at deception? And on the assumption of good faith is not to say that we have the right to deceive money has leaked to the international experts? To Altz Kerr only say that the more general part of this rot Cornerstone Yeh established integrated or partial between 1985 and the 76 - the researcher estimates available indicate that the spent this infrastructure, except for those built before and after such a as for roughly 35 billion dollars in 1980 when prices what was the Iraqi dinar equivalent of $ 3.2 If a brother Tna into account that the purchasing power of the dollar that has fallen to less than a quarter of what it was in 1980 (This decline has been used my figure measurement j of the American consumer prices from Ahsa Fat international financial reached) In light of this Waller Do we say that the estimated amount required Las near the infrastructure established during 1976-1985 require at least 140 billion dollars if we Ben Zar account the time required for the reconstruction of no less ferocious than 10 years and will be followed by the further decline in cascade uh purchasing, this amount will increase accordingly.

In order to be a serious matter, the matter requires Gata economic conflicts, in Iraq all the longer studies Wu Put priorities in the implementation in order to put before the world tough e effect that Iraq knows the extent of the damage caused to him and decision-makers in Iraq know what they want, according to Zur quote for the long-term rebuilding of Iraq renewed a.

Another example which is evident in the phenomenon of deception monetary e and general government budget for 2007 estimated expenses, including nearly 42 billion dollars had been allocated to the Ikar at 75% of the current expenditure and the remaining to be spent Alastthma Ri compared with the current budget to the latest 1958 n the royal era To find out the average expenditure Hako à-vis the current budget of the Iraqi individual.

The current budget for 1958 had estimated expenses a ninety million Iraqi dinars or the equivalent of 315 million d Laar and American (dinar rate of exchange against the dollar was y you time 3.5). And to see how the reader a decent average per citizen Iraqi spending in the current year more than 1958 m mediate what affects the Iraqi citizen of this spending brain Tata him in the year 2007 after the removal of deception with cash j I include the calculation methodology and streamlined.

1 - the number of hearts in Iraq in 1958 is 6.5 million n feature and in the apportionment of the current budget allocations for the mind Ge 315 million the number of souls have a per capita for one of these specialties about 49 dollars.

2 - If we take 75% of the general budget for 2007 pw ??? the figure of $ 32 billion which is dedicated to the maintenance of Ongoing assessment of the number of hearts in Iraq this year App der get about 27 million in 1180 dollars, which is the average n Sip capita current budget and current prices e.

3 - Since the American dollar had fallen power Shara Teh over the past fifty years to only a 4% and Thus, the purchasing power of the amount in 1181 dollars Basa TR 1958 becomes the average per capita share of the current expenditure of 2007 is 47 dollars, which is close to the average share of members of the current expenditure for 1958. The content of this conclusion is clear and perhaps indicates The Day America to Iraq returns to the pre-industrialization In a meeting with James Baker, Foreign Minister Tariq Aziz to the United States and former Minister for Foreign Affairs of Iraq in their meeting prior to the Ti WHC Kuwait has already been achieved, as suggested in this Almesh R. simple article we will look at later to the situation Alaghtassa de in Iraq in the current era of the 20th century, j compared enabled.

Translated version of http://www.alsabaah.com/paper.php?source=Archive

Indeed, the economic indicators in Iraq and the future


بغداد- الملف برسBaghdad-file Press

عقدت مؤسسةع.A long-held culture and information, expanded seminar Ti T. title (economic reality in Iraq and indicators pain accept) where was the sole spokesman of the Economic Expert Dr. Raed Fahmi, in his personal capacity and not functional cobs seen for Science and Technology, and had started dealing with issues of the reasons and the factors behind the economic recession in Iraq and arriving somewhat similar collapse as a result of the legacy of the past and the wrong policies and mismanagement of the national economy in the the excessive imposed by the central regime and political persecution and internal disturbances and free and a drive, and then the embargo, saddled with all of these factors on the Iraqi economy over more than three decades and the problems of big dilemmas, the most important survival rent one-sided nature of the economy through its over-reliance on oil revenues, and reduce Anhs TR investment operations and the possibility of building a non-de Namiki sophisticated able to create opportunities for the production of material for Mjtm p.

و . Dr. Fahmi and moved to the post after the fall of the regime. and the collapse of a group balances at home and abroad Walt j contributed to the loss of the possibility of building a state within the framework of parallel Nath new, especially in light of the existence of an external negative role, referring to the role of international financial institutions, , including the IMF and the World Bank and attempts Ha continued to influence the economic policy of through the use of Iraqi weapons of external debt Moro The previous system and the complexities facing Almva Z Iraqi with these institutions, in particular, that the Iraqi side lacks Palm race Arafa, and the ability to impose a state of balance between the possibility of M. dealt with the problem of external indebtedness and ensure compatibility m p requirements of the economic and social Aleut faith and the suffering of the poor strata of people dilemmas homeland Yeh great, , including the worsening unemployment rates, which hit a I have more than 40% of the labor force and the rate of poverty, which coordinates Zeid, 50% of the total population.

و في اطار . under the Transitional and the nature of the economic system and the attempt to build a market economy and the involvement of the private sector Iraqis in the transitional process, Successive Governments faced a lot of complexities y AT relevant legislation of new laws and the weakness of the possibility of a for the private sector to contribute to building a market economy and a democratic e support and support in the areas of finance and investment. touching on the new investment law No. (13) Age e 2006, which calls for the activation of the Iraqi economy and Dru danger contribution of the private sector in attracting investments, the demons were sent marvel direct and enter partnerships with a balanced and pw got to diversify the Iraqi economy and relieving them of IUCN e unilateral and activated in the areas of production Sana consciousness and agricultural, as well as the sectors of banking, tourism and service other focusing on the need for fixed capital formation to activate a the productive sectors.

ثم ربط . then Dr. Raed Fahmi link between what is a targeted policy to raise cash for the value of the Iraqi dinar and the need to revitalize a the productive sectors, and resolve to address the dilemmas Alaghtasse Wade basic, especially unemployment and poverty and the housing crisis, fuel and Ko Herba addition to the security requirements that have faced if e deterioration during the long, This requires political will provide balanced between a strong all of patriotism and the drafting of the Beijing economic approach, according to priority is to achieve economic development and Alajt Maih.

و هذا. and this, had participated in the symposium a large number of experts and hurt Khssin, academics and businessmen.

ا لكاتب:A clerk :
الملف برسFile Press
تأريخ أضافة ألخبرIn addition date news

المصدر:Source :
الملف برسFile Press
23 - 02 - 0723-02-07

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Originally Posted by Loki

And, as the south and the north of the country, where most of the oil lies, are relatively less violent, it may be possible to operate in the country even while the central region around Baghdad continues to be a bloodbath.

The Russians and Chinese are almost certain to send their people in, no matter what the risks. Here the US group ConocoPhillips has pulled off a clever arrangement. Lukoil negotiated with the regime of Saddam Hussein for rights to the giant undeveloped West Qurna field. ConocoPhillips has taken a 20 per cent equity stake in Lukoil - a deal approved by the Kremlin - and it has apparently negotiated a 50 per cent share in Lukoil's West Qurna interest. So the Russian personnel would take the risks but Americans would still benefit.

Iraq's oil wealth is just too great for the majors to miss. The question is not if they will go in, but when.

Independent Online Edition > Business Analysis & Features

For those spouting no RV until security improves here is part of the reason that theory is wrong.

Originally Posted by rvalreadydang

Indeed, the economic indicators in Iraq and the future


بغداد- الملف برسBaghdad-file Press

عقدت مؤسسةع.A long-held culture and information, expanded seminar Ti T. title (economic reality in Iraq and indicators pain accept) where was the sole spokesman of the Economic Expert Dr. Raed Fahmi, in his personal capacity and not functional cobs seen for Science and Technology, and had started dealing with issues of the reasons and the factors behind the economic recession in Iraq and arriving somewhat similar collapse as a result of the legacy of the past and the wrong policies and mismanagement of the national economy in the the excessive imposed by the central regime and political persecution and internal disturbances and free and a drive, and then the embargo, saddled with all of these factors on the Iraqi economy over more than three decades and the problems of big dilemmas, the most important survival rent one-sided nature of the economy through its over-reliance on oil revenues, and reduce Anhs TR investment operations and the possibility of building a non-de Namiki sophisticated able to create opportunities for the production of material for Mjtm p.

و . Dr. Fahmi and moved to the post after the fall of the regime. and the collapse of a group balances at home and abroad Walt j contributed to the loss of the possibility of building a state within the framework of parallel Nath new, especially in light of the existence of an external negative role, referring to the role of international financial institutions, , including the IMF and the World Bank and attempts Ha continued to influence the economic policy of through the use of Iraqi weapons of external debt Moro The previous system and the complexities facing Almva Z Iraqi with these institutions, in particular, that the Iraqi side lacks Palm race Arafa, and the ability to impose a state of balance between the possibility of M. dealt with the problem of external indebtedness and ensure compatibility m p requirements of the economic and social Aleut faith and the suffering of the poor strata of people dilemmas homeland Yeh great, , including the worsening unemployment rates, which hit a I have more than 40% of the labor force and the rate of poverty, which coordinates Zeid, 50% of the total population.

و في اطار . under the Transitional and the nature of the economic system and the attempt to build a market economy and the involvement of the private sector Iraqis in the transitional process, Successive Governments faced a lot of complexities y AT relevant legislation of new laws and the weakness of the possibility of a for the private sector to contribute to building a market economy and a democratic e support and support in the areas of finance and investment. touching on the new investment law No. (13) Age e 2006, which calls for the activation of the Iraqi economy and Dru danger contribution of the private sector in attracting investments, the demons were sent marvel direct and enter partnerships with a balanced and pw got to diversify the Iraqi economy and relieving them of IUCN e unilateral and activated in the areas of production Sana consciousness and agricultural, as well as the sectors of banking, tourism and service other focusing on the need for fixed capital formation to activate a the productive sectors.

ثم ربط . then Dr. Raed Fahmi link between what is a targeted policy to raise cash for the value of the Iraqi dinar and the need to revitalize a the productive sectors, and resolve to address the dilemmas Alaghtasse Wade basic, especially unemployment and poverty and the housing crisis, fuel and Ko Herba addition to the security requirements that have faced if e deterioration during the long, This requires political will provide balanced between a strong all of patriotism and the drafting of the Beijing economic approach, according to priority is to achieve economic development and Alajt Maih.

و هذا. and this, had participated in the symposium a large number of experts and hurt Khssin, academics and businessmen.

ا لكاتب:A clerk :
الملف برسFile Press
تأريخ أضافة ألخبرIn addition date news

المصدر:Source :
الملف برسFile Press
23 - 02 - 0723-02-07

æßÇáÉ ÇáãáÝ ÈÑÓ . ãÊÇÈÚÉ ÇÓÑÚ æÊÍáíá ÇÚãÞ ááÇÍÏÇË . äÈÏà ÍíË íäÊåí ÇáÇÎÑæä

ok so they had a meeting and discussed what the problem is. how many of these meetings they gonna have before they ACT on their conclusions???

Held on Saturday, August 17 February the 13th Lot Ole long tables with large crowd of various El Ma'an Yin and those interested in the economic area and launched pattern new transactions, where got Dr. Raed Fahmi, Minister of Science and Altknolo Jia, an economist known for the completion of a working paper p n fact, the Iraqi economy, for expands in the directions economic process and automatically T. orientations and extrapolate itemized, With a large crowd of participants in various Alahtmama T. and the sectors concerned, Kaldector Subhi al-Jumaili, Undersecretary of the Ministry of Agriculture and tamping Tourah peace come Economic Adviser at the Ministry of a for women, Also attending Mr. Brak future member of the Economic Commission in the Council of Ministers, as well as academics and the heads of the economy Yeh different.

وقد :The added Dr. Raed Fahmi in the working paper T. submission of the table features an economic situation Iraqi and means to invigorate it where it is stated that :
ان كان.That was agreed by all concerned regarding Iraq j, both sons of the country. officials and citizens, bodies corporate, Or non-Iraqis. States and the flags and international organizations, governmental and non-governmental organizations, The companies and the work of researchers and scientists, it is the sheer complexity of conditions and circumstances of cruelty. and the heavy legacy of decades of despotic oppression and wars pw Ptheh economic blockade and perhaps has been unprecedented in terms of Schmognerova wish in contemporary history, devastation and destruction caused all walks of life. يضاف إلى.Add to all this terrorism brutal war waged by the terrorist e collects a variety of target pre-empt any possibility of a turnaround AT socio-political, The socio-economic in nature and the democratic national blindness s, and working for the imposition of a new tyranny under a different brand name disengagement Rayya, ideological and political systems.
وفي ظل هذه .In light of this situation, interlocking and overlapping in terms of T. a number of Iraqi political actors and external, and the repercussions of the occupation and collapse of the building who is j accompanied and followed the fall of the totalitarian system, the country has been brought before a series of overlapping functions Tto fought the rebuilding of the state on the basis of constitutional democracy federal based on the new balances between components of the Iraqi people following the collapse of the previous balances k You list since the emergence of the so-called Iraqi state limit Ith after 1921, and enable Iraq to provide conditions for the restoration of sovereignty Ilkka converted, politically, economically and security-wise, as well as the restructuring of the Iraqi economy for now disgusted towards an open market economy. وفي .In this paper intensive, we will consider only the latter aspect, the issues concerning the development of the Iraqi economy, the i Rik growth and sustainable development.
-1مرحلة الانتقالOne-stage transition
يمتلك.Iraq possesses all the ingredients to be among the States Almaz Dhrh and because his sons enjoy a standard of living and income equivalent to a middle-income countries according to a classification for accredited by international organizations, specifically, the World Bank. فهو غني ي.It is rich in natural resources, and especially in oil and water, as well as human resource, where the work force by more than seven million people, a few of them are not good, despite the rehabilitation of deterioration a large fall in the educational system in Iraq stages e different from the 1980s of the last century. .But the policies of the Principles in wars and destructive approach the totalitarian system and the economy of my orders so much corruption Wa for favoritism not only alienating these possibilities, but sent on the achievements so late insults Ainayat deepened imbalances in the structure of the economy Ara Afterward, particularly in times its agricultural productivity and Sana consciousness, and increased its profit before rot of destruction and Altak the result of the military operations and poor maintenance and the absence of new investments.
لذلك .To become a re-launch economic development and to achieve sustainable growth depends reforms uncle Eka up to the new restructuring of the Iraqi economy. وهنا .And here arises of controversial issues, opinions differ, according to the analysis tools certified and intellectual premises and, ultimately, according to the interests of groups and different social forces e expressed by these visions and attitudes.
ما هي خصائص.What are the characteristics of the stage through which Iraq is today? Et this terrorist act urgently the question in some quarters of the elite scientific and to a lesser extent among politicians who pushed into the the complexities of dealing pragmatic conditions and the inability of pain Nazomat different ideological to provide answers and adequate solutions and answers to the realities of Iraq. ن أكاديمياً.It seems that the question of citizen concerns of the scarcity of works servants AT and petroleum products, price increases and the deterioration of mother n Academics and away from these concerns. ا هذه الهمو م.This is, of course, not the case, it paves the ground for projects that address these Alhmo m.
وربما.And perhaps might not accurate to use the term phase change and summer is the case in Iraq. ف عن .Talk about the stage implies that the introductions and ends Ha-known, if not in detail, but President landmarks. وفي .In the case of Iraq, and the beginnings Almmahdat know, But mystery still surrounds the case. .Ftoaznat all levels of power are still Math thigh, and many variables, some outside influences on the internal situation, programs and projects Lineups, in the case of a Wa usually form, All of this contributes to determining the course of boat moorings Iraq and the come. .We will express phase taking into account these e reservations.
.The current phase transition and extraordinary. إلا بيِن ولابذلك.The exception does not need to be thorough in explaining the reasons and cm current situation so. (.(Uncontrolled violence and terrorism, the danger Beni State, the presence of foreign forces, ...) The transitional nature deserves close attention. والبنك .According to the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the Iraqi economy is the situation of transition from a m Rkzi my orders economy into a free market mechanisms play when the the role of the decision and the Governor. .The program of economic reform and structural adjustment saw cm map and identify the changes required to achieve this the transition. وهي :According to the World Bank, Iraq must be three types of transition, some a corollary and the other sequential, namely :
1- من مارOne-from conflict to stability, rehabilitation and Ala Mar
2- من-control of the state to market orientation
3- من .3-from an oil-dependent economy to depend on a diverse production base.
ويعني .This means descriptions, remove the obstacles and constraints to the spread and evolution may be wondered whether Azat capital joints in all the national economy. وثقل .It is worth noting in this context that the checks are not confined p I have control of the state of the economy and the weight of regulations and Lights armpit initiative, which causes the surrounding private sector activity . .Besides, operating frameworks and social infrastructure, institutional and Althaga the pre-capitalism. عقلاني (Homus economicus).We should not lose sight of the fact that the basic unit of the market economy is the freedom of the individual in making its own decisions according to m pronunciation rational (Homus economicus). الجمعيان.There is no doubt that the effectiveness and efficiency of market mechanisms adversely affected when dominates thinking and behavior Jamaian.
2- -content constraints and economic restructuring
يجب ة.We must not lose sight of analysis that the driving forces for this of the transitional phase, in its wider sense, which includes all the changes that Tin practice in the context of opening the way for the development of bilateral Slit it is not only domestic, but also come from abroad through interventions and pressure international. 1/ 2005.These take the form of aid and grants and economic programs and Lost followed different in the context devote logic and market mechanisms, But what is more important is the role played by international organizations e, and especially the International Monetary Fund, which is entrusted with the task oversee the implementation of the economic reforms program State must be under only Iraqi Tzamat of economic and financial implications in the under the SBA concluded in the 23 / 11 / 2005. وكما هو .As is known, this part of the requirement T. Paris Club agreement signed in November 21 / 11 January 2004 for the purpose of reducing Iraq's debt, This gives powerful leverage for decision-making in the field economic policy in Iraq. :The Convention aims to achieve stability Alaghtasse Valley and the creation of conditions for the achievement of sustainable growth through vocabulary the following :
• .• achieving monetary stability through control of pain offers of cash through mechanisms interest rate and exchange rate Walt j fall within the responsibility of the Central Bank. The work on controlling the rates of growth in government spending. .The control of inflation and reducing rates. through the mechanisms and instruments of monetary policy on one hand, and also the impact on the markets of goods and services.
• إزالة .• eliminating distortions in the price system, in particular, through the reduction of government support for goods and services, in particular, which provides that the factors involved in the output c, The removal of impediments to the free determination fluctuations of prices. ال .Action to combat smuggling, and especially of the oil products through higher prices gradually told convergence prices neighboring countries.
• ت• rationalize public finances by reducing expenses and Alenafqa T. manufacturing and distributive. such as support of the government and reviewing the ration card system to achieve the reduction burden on public finances. .The proposed actions variety, some include reducing the scope of coverage to focus on low-Hajj e, and reducing itemized, and raising the efficiency of the distribution, work on the conversion to cash allowances. .It is in this context the privatization program of public companies e of the State.
• • develop the role of the banking system
• Improve the governing body in the system of public administration Wa the economic management (fighting corruption, planning, referring tenders, ...)
إن .The proceeds of these reforms are activating the market mechanisms and Aza his distortions of the price system, and to achieve an environment conducive to the movement of capital and Astthm Err, and make way for the private sector to be the prime mover t economic activity. ي.And thus to raise the level of efficiency and performance of the economy of Iraq j.
وملاحظة طويل.The first observation in this regard, may seem persists, is that the International Monetary Fund mean short-term, while the issues of the bank and the medium term long. ما.Vllaul a role in achieving stability policies Alaqet Assadi, The World Bank in its task of helping to achieve projects which provide conditions and the requirements of development and may Humane The production in the country. البشرية.As drafts of infrastructure and human resource training. أي أنولي.No, that the objectives and activities of the impact on the structures Alant Wagey, and therefore assumed that the role of the President in a usually restructuring, while the task due to the IMF's father Crown.
But the most important issue in relation to the conditions of the success of any program a usually economic restructuring Any economic policy impacts broad social. .Vlmthel social cost of these programs in the stage, Ntakalih and while the fruit begins to appear, in addition to the fact that any structural change effects on the pattern of distribution of a the wealth and income in the community. التغيير.So is what the success of the program is to achieve structural change the extent of compromise and consensus on the program of change. وهذه .This is a task of a political-social rather than economic only. وإذا.And if there are segments of broad social and influential in the application of a the program increases the economic difficulties and robs Ha economic rights gained compounded by the absence of uncertainty and anxiety, it will face the opposition and protest movements e take different forms. ومنالأطر.Hence the importance that such programs are subject to the express recognition debate p, and particularly by the people's representatives in the House of Representatives as well as M. n before representatives of the various social forces, as representatives of workers and employers and civil society pain Dennie, in addition to the provincial assemblies and other frameworks. وتؤكد .The experiences of such programs in other countries You e truth.
وفي حالة.In the case of Iraq, There is no doubt that the measures and projects on the card Supply and government support price derivatives stricken words and Mia, The privatization of state-owned companies within the issues must be subject to public debate to achieve convictions Almsht thigh.
في عليها.To that becomes the ultimate goals of any reform, it is necessary to be included in the strategic development of a national e Agreed. وا لاصلاح.Iraq has declared already strategic national development in the T. Shereen II in 2004, The long-term priorities for reconstruction Wa to reform. فيهاشفاف.It is based on the vision of the private sector played a role hinted Donna President enjoys the public sector actor and transparent. وثمة لها.There is a need to discuss this among our strategic outlook again Fe strategic sectoral them. .The new debate is necessary in order to achieve a broader consensus on x Yaratha, and if need be checked, , as well as enrich the perceptions of many about the contents of the reform needed. وقد .The need arose for such a debate. Specifically, a strategic plan, when discussing the draft budget in the House of Representatives of the only Sabia years. اند فيه.For all these issues and the crucial role of decision in the form of foundations Dreamland Magna global economy, and our position in it.
3- تصاديةThree-economic diversification of the productive base
لم .Not without any strategic economic plan in Iraq, since 1970s, the goal of reducing dependence on oil and diversify a rule productivity. ولكننا ت.But today more dependent on oil than ever HS j, It represents more than 90% of the budget resources pw the nation, and about 70% of GDP , and 98% of exports.
وأسباب هذا.The reasons for this failure is due to the large premium policies wrong adopted in the proceeds of a disposition of funds the oil and allow the mechanisms and effects of oil rents Alagh Tassadeh-social to do in its economy and community foundations, turning to the Iraqi economy to a yield economy, it subsided productive activities, The intense when those activities which seek to make Might j larger share of the rent without creating added value to the economy National. والدو الريعيةTo pause at the notion of rentier economy Waldo it rentier
أ.A. مفهوم ةThe concept rentier economy and the rentier state
شهدتالفسا د.Most of Petroleum Exporting Countries, a series of economic and social phenomena and Els Jasih negative interrelated termed "Ba the perverse effects of rent (PERVERT EFFECTS), "Kalhd R. inflation and the exchange rates of their currencies and the growing Alvo thinner and social stagnation in the political structures and Soup e achieving political and economic reforms and inflation devices bureaucracy and the decline of agricultural production and proliferation consumer behavior and the spread of the rentier Alvesa d. 1977 أطلقت.At 1977 hours the British magazine The Economist the term "Dutch disease", the proportion to the impact of gas production in the North Sea on Alagh caught Dutch, the group phenomena inhibiting the growth of the economy homeland j caused by the sudden and significant increase in proceeds machines Yeh from abroad, which used to receive and dispose of them by the State.
أفراد ، معين.In all these cases they considered "profits" (RENTIER state) and that the State was receiving the SIM PSV regular amounts of rent space mission, intended to rent space dividend paid by individuals , companies or foreign governments to individuals or companies Governments or to a particular country. ونلاحظ انأخرى.We note that this definition of rent does not exceed the rent only oil, but that does not require that the State of the States rents e profits. although the situation is the most widespread control of the State A. Mention of rent me whether or oil and export of a Ward Les again.
ويلاحظ .He notes that this definition of revenue for the state does not rentier The economic rent procedure, not only profit from the extraordinary pw Iha government restrictions for some segments and activities Alagh Tassadeh, limitations on imports for example, while allowing merchants a for obtaining the import leave because their profits monopoly often forced to abandon part of a me State officials in the form of bribes, it will also include royalties, which are "collected" Bal violence or the threat of violence by the state, some agencies or governmental or quasi-governmental or T. enjoyed the protection of influential circles in the State.
فيه .The concept of the economy rentier economy to a or the one who relies to a great extent based on spending stricken words Lome, where rents will play a key role in it. وفي هذا منه.In this context, using the general concept of royalty, which called on all income of offset a productive activity of the party, which also receives The volume and pace of this income flow is not directly linked BUNCH pertaining to the beneficiary. فمن .It is characteristic of the rentier income schizophrenia Ilaq e between work and beneficial, This feature and find concrete expression in the weak and dwindling income producing activities than those generated by activities based on speculation (in the real estate and Alao refined financial and currency) and Mediations generate commissions rewarding and trade based on the location of monopoly or quasi monopoly in the market. و يعتبر .The rentier economy, "the ideal format" for Aghtassa d circulation, as competing individuals and groups, Even the State, in order to control the rents. د.Almost most economic activities and means of fully Yen recycling income or turning instead to be governed, but Okeh relevant to the nature of productivity create added value for Aghtassa d.
وفي.In the case of Iraq, together the phenomenon that usually accompany the economy yield with the policies of the devastating tornado regime to make it economical Mazuma disrupted by the effects Allen mo and development.
ب.B. وسائلللريع النفطيThe means of reducing the negative effects of oil royalties
ويساعد .Helps understand the mechanisms and effects of the rent fee Alcasa T. economic policies. الدلية.Valeria oil resources in the form of the flow of hard currency e enter the Iraqi economy and affect in the context of a mechanism to not b about discuss details. the exchange rate of the dinar and actual value, Hence the relative prices between sectors Alaghtassa he had various be to the detriment of the productive sectors open to international competition. ويؤدي ذلك .And eventually lead to the transfer of resources to the cat lighters naturally protected from competition, industries such as construction, The inland transport services and others. This is reflected in the tendency to reduce activities Sana consciousness, agricultural and others. الاجتماعية المحسوبيةRents also affects the social and behavioral help p I spread of favoritism
والفساد.And corruption. الدولة.The fact that the political power to rent happen Nah big economic force encourages authoritarian tendencies inflation and organs of the State. لذا به.Why is rent a disabling of democracy unless taking institutional controls for the proper disposal of the Congo by.
ومن ر منتجة.In economic terms, oil is already economically depleted. must use permit to convert it into a production assets Yeh renewed, and not disposed of as expenditure on goods or neighbor - productive. .This is supposed to be allocated the bulk of the oil revenues for the purposes Wallace Tthmarih. .This is what happened in the light of the age in the 1950s, and the early 1960s when it devoted 75 and then 50% m Nha to the investment budget.
إن الريع:To address the rent must be conducted at several levels :
1.1. .Contain its effects on the exchange rate and the value of the dinar, and through appropriate monetary policy. واللافتن يعادله أو يضبطه.It is noteworthy in this regard that the dinar's value goes surpassed AT reaction toward rent instead of equivalent or set. .It is intended to lift the value of the Iraqi dinar that j Zeid from consumer spending on imported goods and raising the relative prices of locally produced goods and the detriment of thus competitiveness.
2.2. إخضاعالضيقةDecision is subject to dispose of the oil revenue oversight of democratic and isolated as much as possible from politicians psychotropic Yeh and situational narrow political calculations
3.3. منه.Work on increasing proportions of the allocation of the budget Alastth Marais, and to secure a broader social benefit from it. ملك للشعب.In this regard, the Constitution stipulates that oil wealth belongs to the people. ويدور .And there is a debate about the interpretation of this text. .Who owns this wealth? Is it the State by the High people? Or that allowed private ownership of the oil fields and to distribute the proceeds of the citizens? What is the formula Alafeda l for distribution in the circumstances of Iraq? through the budget year e or directly to citizens according to different formulas?. ونقاش.How is the sharing of wealth between the center and regions? Hoses z find elements of these questions are answered in the Constitution and others need to discuss and debate. .And all of these questions will be of interest when the draft s Unwin oil.
الحل The radical solution to cope with the impacts of oil rents lies in presentations god obstacles to the establishment and growth of productive activities. in industry, agriculture, and other advanced services. وما ة؟What must be determined by the strategic outlook development. whether it is unleashing orientation of the economy Her s and the liberalization of trade can help to achieve this diversity in the bottom this economic, What is the role that must be played by the state? The question is a for more on this matter, What is the most appropriate combination between the private and public sectors , in addition to other sectors, combined, The cooperative, in order to stimulate productive activities, producers and enable Iraqis to develop their production and Tajithm to be able to compete with father and Why?
يقالThat question was appropriate is half the answer, Therefore it is necessary to work to ask the appropriate questions, especially with regard is the role of the State Economic , and the possibilities and limits of market mechanisms, The different forms of ownership, The relationship between centralization and decentralization, and others. The transition to a market economy a term of art that seems neutral great social, It focuses on the provision of the terms of efficiency in the use of a guide the economic resources. But as attractive and coherent in a constructive Almf Homi abstract, but when the transition to visual reality, rise to the surface a range of issues. The relationship between the state and the market is not as Altar Deh severe put. In the current circumstances, there is no market in Iraq apply for the necessary conditions to be competitive and efficient in directing resources. In addition to the lack of security, absence of transparency. and equal conditions between the economic players, The distortions in the price structure. And playing the role of the State in institution-building and to provide frameworks of legislative and administrative organization played a key role in Tmki n the market mechanism to exercise its role. As for the role of the state into production. answers from the World Bank itself, as he says in his report a for the last resort, Many of the State-owned companies have denominated AT restore profitability and will continue to create major source fled Al new job. As for the private sector, Both worked on the Iraqi economy, Aemtlk recognizes that the potential to become the prime mover of the mainstay of the national economy and development. However, this possibility does not doubt the future will evolve, in conjunction with the success in restoring security and stability and the development of institutional building and improve management. In this context it will play a public-private partnership General and in different formats, each will develop, one of paths to achieve faster structural changes the required. But one can not dispense with the role of the state, not necessarily through direct ownership, to enable Iraq to build its own in the fields require large capital and the level of risk of slamming private sector. This applies to the infrastructure and industries sweaters Leger, research and development and other .

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Iraqi "government" to hike fuel prices by 15 pct

ALARAB ONLINE | Display Page

Consumer fuel prices will be hiked by around 15 percent in March as Iraq implements an agreement with the International Monetary Fund to cut subsidies, Oil Minister Hussain al-Shahristani said.

Iraq has the world's third largest known oil reserves but decades of war, sanctions, under-investment and now widespread violence and sabotage have left it critically short of fuel.

It has to import much of its gasoline.

The government continues to control prices, fostering a thriving black market in fuel for those unwilling to queue for hours, sometimes days, to fill their vehicles.

Shahristani told Arabiya television in an interview broadcast on Friday the price of benzene would rise from 350 dinars (about 27 U.S. cents) to 400 dinar and the price of gasoline would rise from 300 dinar to 350 dinar by mid-March.

Iraq won a loan accord with the IMF in December 2005 and a $14 billion debt swap with private lenders. Since then, the price of a litre of ordinary gasoline has risen from 20 dinars.

Voices of Iraq: Basra-Britain (Feature)
Posted by: nakr2004 on Friday, February 23, 2007 - 01:00 PM

Basra-Britain (Feature)
Iraqi politicians divided over cut in British forces in Basra
By Muhannad al-Saadi
Basra, Feb 23, (VOI) – British Prime Minister Tony Blair's recent decision to cut the number of British troops in Basra, southern Iraq, by 1600 troops was welcomed by a number of Iraqi politicians and officials who considered it as a first step towards handing over security responsibilities to Iraqi forces.
Others, however, cast doubts over the Iraqi security forces' ability and readiness to manage a tough security situation.
Hakim al-Mayyahi, a member of the Basra provincial council and chairman of the council's security committee, said "we welcome the decision to cut British troops in Basra and we believe that the Iraqi forces, despite the lack in personnel and ordnance, are capable of maintaining order and security in the city."
"Security forces in Basra are already running security affairs a year ago while British forces played no effective role in the city's security," Mayyahi told the independent news agency Voices of Iraq (VOI) on Friday.
He called on Iraq's central government to back security agencies in Basra as far as armament and selection of efficient and experienced security people are concerned.
Blair had announced on Wednesday a cut in the British troops present in Basra from 7100 at present to 5500 by the month of October as a first step towards handing over the security responsibilities in Basra to Iraqi troops.
Abu Mohammed, the official in charge of the Iraqi Communist Party in Basra, told VOI "the decision was not shocking to us, and we have always demanded a withdrawal of these troops."
"The presence of British troops in Basra was a source of security-shaking concerns in the past year as missiles and attack targeting British bases in central Basra were killing and wounding innocent civilians," Abu Mohammed said.
He indicated that British forces, throughout their presence in Basra, did not work on maintaining security, adding their security apparatus was fragile, unprofessional and infiltrated, which caused a series of problems and vicious circle of violence that overshadowed the city.
Uqeil al-Freiji, a member of the provincial council for the Islamic Virtue Party, said this withdrawal would be the normal thing aspired by all Iraqis and part of the efforts to consummate the country's sovereignty and political process.
"Withdrawal has to be well-studied and be in proportion with the incidents that could take place, in addition to the necessity to continue rehabilitating the Iraqi forces and upgrade the level of training," Freiji said.
However, an official from the Sunni Islamic Party who spoke to VOI on condition of anonymity said the cut in British troops "came opposite to what was expected as instability increased in the city."
"Islamic Party Leader and Iraqi Vice President Tareq al-Hashimi has demanded an increase in the number of (British) forces due to the partiality of certain agencies in Basra," the official said, adding "we were the strongest proponents of foreign troops' withdrawal on condition that Iraqi forces' requirements and rehabilitation are observed."
A statement issued on Thursday by the commander of the Multi-National Force in south and east Iraq had referred to the possibility of handing over three British strongholds to the Iraqi forces, which are the bases of al-Shaabiya in western Basra, al-Saaie in central Basra and Shatt al-Arab Hotel in the north.
British forces are stationing in the Basra International Airport in northwestern Basra and the former presidential palaces, which house the British and U.S. consulates.
A senior official at the Sunni National Accordance Front (IAF) said the decision was "hasty and should have been prepared for by working on improving security conditions and rehabilitating Iraqi forces."
This cut would "leave vacuum in a time when we badly need a security plan resembling that of the Baghdad plan," the official, who refused to be named, told VOI.
He said the city of Basra, 550 km south of the Iraqi capital, is bordering more than three countries, most of them have their ambitions, noting Basra is also Iraq's economic capital and the decision to cut British forces had to do with these important factors.

Basra-Britain (Feature) :: Aswat al Iraq :: Aswat al Iraq

BAGHDAD, Iraq - A suspected al-Qaida linked insurgent leader accused of financing attacks and recruiting fighters was captured in southern
Iraq, Iraqi police said Friday. The U.S. military also said it was investigating reports of civilian casualties in fierce fighting in the volatile city of Ramadi.

Issa Abdul-Razzaq Ahmed, who was detained during a raid Thursday on a house in central Basra, has been traveling to neighboring countries to collect funds for militant operations in Iraq, provincial police commander Gen. Mohammed al-Moussawi said.

He also said the suspect, a 22-year-old Sunni, was on the Interior Ministry's most-wanted list and was accused of being a major figure in recruiting fighters. Police also found lists with the names of other wanted militants, maps and propaganda CDs.

"Working under the guise of a businessman, he has been shuttling between
Syria and the United Arab Emirates to collect funds for the terrorists in Iraq," Moussawi said.

The announcement of the capture took on added significance as it came just days after Britain announced that it would withdraw 1,600 troops from the area in the coming months with hopes the Iraqis can take over their own security.

Basra, Iraq's second-largest city 340 miles southeast of Baghdad, and the region around it are predominantly Shiite and have seen little of the sectarian violence that has ransacked the capital, although rival Shiite militant factions often clash and Sunni insurgents maintain a presence.

Spokesman Lt. Col. Christopher Garver, meanwhile, said the military was investigating reports of civilian casualties during intense fighting between American troops and Sunni insurgents in Ramadi, 70 miles west of Baghdad.

A six-hour battle that broke out Wednesday evening after insurgents armed with rocket-propelled grenades attacked U.S. troops from nearby buildings. Marine spokesman 1st Lt. Shawn Mercer said Thursday that 12 insurgents were killed and no civilian casualties were reported, but Iraqi authorities the dead included women and children.

The military said several buildings were damaged when the Americans responded with "precision guided munitions" that ended the fight.

However, Dr. Hafidh Ibrahim of the Ramadi Hospital said the bodies of 26 people, including four women and children, were pulled from the rubble of three houses damaged in the fighting.

Photographs made available to The Associated Press showed the bodies of two small boys wrapped in one blanket. Other photos showed four or five bodies covered by blankets, and several men clearing rubble.

Firefights are not unusual in Ramadi, the provincial capital of Anbar. The clashes underscore the challenges posed by Sunni insurgents in the area even as the U.S. seeks to quell Sunni-Shiite violence in the capital.

The U.S. military also has warned that insurgents are adopting new tactics in a campaign to spread panic after troops uncovered a car bomb factory west of Baghdad with propane tanks and chlorine cylinders — possible ingredients for more chemical attacks following three explosions involving chlorine.

Those blasts and a recent spate of attacks against helicopters have raised fears that insurgents are trying to develop new ways to confront U.S. and Iraqi forces. Any increase in chemical bombings could complicate the Baghdad security crackdown, now in its second week.

Lt. Gen. Ray Odierno, the No. 2 American commander in Iraq, said Thursday he did not think the attacks signaled a more capable insurgency. Instead, he said they were an attempt to provoke fear.

"What they're trying to do is ... adapt in such ways where they can continue to create instability," Odierno said.

The general also said at least two suspects have been arrested in the downing of eight helicopters since Jan. 20, but he gave no further details.

The raid on the car bomb factory occurred late Tuesday near Karmah, in Anbar, U.S. authorities said. U.S. troops discovered a pickup truck and three other vehicles that were being prepared as car bombs, as well as detonation material in five buildings.

"We also found ingredients to be used to devise or enhance explosives, such as fertilizer and chlorine cylinders," Odierno told
Pentagon reporters by video-link.

Insurgents have detonated three trucks carrying chlorine canisters since late January. The most recent attack occurred Wednesday in Baghdad, killing five people and sending more than 55 to hospitals.

On Tuesday, a bomb planted on a chlorine tanker left more than 150 villagers stricken north of the capital. More than 60 were still under medical care Wednesday.

A suicide bomber driving a dump truck filled with explosives and a chlorine tank also struck a quick reaction force and Iraqi police in the Sunni city of Ramadi on Jan. 28, killing 16 people.

Jeremy Binnie, an analyst with Jane's Terrorism and Insurgency Center, noted that it is unclear how many in the attacks died from the explosions and how many were victims of the chlorine itself.

U.S. and Iraqi officials pledged to adapt to fight the evolving insurgent tactics.

"What is obvious to us is that the terrorists are adopting new tactics to cause panic and as many casualties as they can among civilians," Iraqi military spokesman, Brig. Gen. Qassim Moussawi, told reporters. "But our plans also are always changeable and flexible to face the enemies' new tactics."

Suspected insurgent leader held in Iraq - Yahoo! News

Originally Posted by rvalreadydang

Held on Saturday, August 17 February the 13th Lot Ole long tables with large crowd of various El Ma'an Yin and those interested in the economic area and launched pattern new transactions, where got Dr. Raed Fahmi, Minister of Science and Altknolo Jia, an economist known for the completion of a working paper p n fact, the Iraqi economy, for expands in the directions economic process and automatically T. orientations and extrapolate itemized, With a large crowd of participants in various Alahtmama T. and the sectors concerned, Kaldector Subhi al-Jumaili, Undersecretary of the Ministry of Agriculture and tamping Tourah peace come Economic Adviser at the Ministry of a for women, Also attending Mr. Brak future member of the Economic Commission in the Council of Ministers, as well as academics and the heads of the economy Yeh different.

وقد :The added Dr. Raed Fahmi in the working paper T. submission of the table features an economic situation Iraqi and means to invigorate it where it is stated that :
ان كان.That was agreed by all concerned regarding Iraq j, both sons of the country. officials and citizens, bodies corporate, Or non-Iraqis. States and the flags and international organizations, governmental and non-governmental organizations, The companies and the work of researchers and scientists, it is the sheer complexity of conditions and circumstances of cruelty. and the heavy legacy of decades of despotic oppression and wars pw Ptheh economic blockade and perhaps has been unprecedented in terms of Schmognerova wish in contemporary history, devastation and destruction caused all walks of life. يضاف إلى.Add to all this terrorism brutal war waged by the terrorist e collects a variety of target pre-empt any possibility of a turnaround AT socio-political, The socio-economic in nature and the democratic national blindness s, and working for the imposition of a new tyranny under a different brand name disengagement Rayya, ideological and political systems.
وفي ظل هذه .In light of this situation, interlocking and overlapping in terms of T. a number of Iraqi political actors and external, and the repercussions of the occupation and collapse of the building who is j accompanied and followed the fall of the totalitarian system, the country has been brought before a series of overlapping functions Tto fought the rebuilding of the state on the basis of constitutional democracy federal based on the new balances between components of the Iraqi people following the collapse of the previous balances k You list since the emergence of the so-called Iraqi state limit Ith after 1921, and enable Iraq to provide conditions for the restoration of sovereignty Ilkka converted, politically, economically and security-wise, as well as the restructuring of the Iraqi economy for now disgusted towards an open market economy. وفي .In this paper intensive, we will consider only the latter aspect, the issues concerning the development of the Iraqi economy, the i Rik growth and sustainable development.
-1مرحلة الانتقالOne-stage transition
يمتلك.Iraq possesses all the ingredients to be among the States Almaz Dhrh and because his sons enjoy a standard of living and income equivalent to a middle-income countries according to a classification for accredited by international organizations, specifically, the World Bank. فهو غني ي.It is rich in natural resources, and especially in oil and water, as well as human resource, where the work force by more than seven million people, a few of them are not good, despite the rehabilitation of deterioration a large fall in the educational system in Iraq stages e different from the 1980s of the last century. .But the policies of the Principles in wars and destructive approach the totalitarian system and the economy of my orders so much corruption Wa for favoritism not only alienating these possibilities, but sent on the achievements so late insults Ainayat deepened imbalances in the structure of the economy Ara Afterward, particularly in times its agricultural productivity and Sana consciousness, and increased its profit before rot of destruction and Altak the result of the military operations and poor maintenance and the absence of new investments.
لذلك .To become a re-launch economic development and to achieve sustainable growth depends reforms uncle Eka up to the new restructuring of the Iraqi economy. وهنا .And here arises of controversial issues, opinions differ, according to the analysis tools certified and intellectual premises and, ultimately, according to the interests of groups and different social forces e expressed by these visions and attitudes.
ما هي خصائص.What are the characteristics of the stage through which Iraq is today? Et this terrorist act urgently the question in some quarters of the elite scientific and to a lesser extent among politicians who pushed into the the complexities of dealing pragmatic conditions and the inability of pain Nazomat different ideological to provide answers and adequate solutions and answers to the realities of Iraq. ن أكاديمياً.It seems that the question of citizen concerns of the scarcity of works servants AT and petroleum products, price increases and the deterioration of mother n Academics and away from these concerns. ا هذه الهمو م.This is, of course, not the case, it paves the ground for projects that address these Alhmo m.
وربما.And perhaps might not accurate to use the term phase change and summer is the case in Iraq. ف عن .Talk about the stage implies that the introductions and ends Ha-known, if not in detail, but President landmarks. وفي .In the case of Iraq, and the beginnings Almmahdat know, But mystery still surrounds the case. .Ftoaznat all levels of power are still Math thigh, and many variables, some outside influences on the internal situation, programs and projects Lineups, in the case of a Wa usually form, All of this contributes to determining the course of boat moorings Iraq and the come. .We will express phase taking into account these e reservations.
.The current phase transition and extraordinary. إلا بيِن ولابذلك.The exception does not need to be thorough in explaining the reasons and cm current situation so. (.(Uncontrolled violence and terrorism, the danger Beni State, the presence of foreign forces, ...) The transitional nature deserves close attention. والبنك .According to the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, the Iraqi economy is the situation of transition from a m Rkzi my orders economy into a free market mechanisms play when the the role of the decision and the Governor. .The program of economic reform and structural adjustment saw cm map and identify the changes required to achieve this the transition. وهي :According to the World Bank, Iraq must be three types of transition, some a corollary and the other sequential, namely :
1- من مارOne-from conflict to stability, rehabilitation and Ala Mar
2- من-control of the state to market orientation
3- من .3-from an oil-dependent economy to depend on a diverse production base.
ويعني .This means descriptions, remove the obstacles and constraints to the spread and evolution may be wondered whether Azat capital joints in all the national economy. وثقل .It is worth noting in this context that the checks are not confined p I have control of the state of the economy and the weight of regulations and Lights armpit initiative, which causes the surrounding private sector activity . .Besides, operating frameworks and social infrastructure, institutional and Althaga the pre-capitalism. عقلاني (Homus economicus).We should not lose sight of the fact that the basic unit of the market economy is the freedom of the individual in making its own decisions according to m pronunciation rational (Homus economicus). الجمعيان.There is no doubt that the effectiveness and efficiency of market mechanisms adversely affected when dominates thinking and behavior Jamaian.
2- -content constraints and economic restructuring
يجب ة.We must not lose sight of analysis that the driving forces for this of the transitional phase, in its wider sense, which includes all the changes that Tin practice in the context of opening the way for the development of bilateral Slit it is not only domestic, but also come from abroad through interventions and pressure international. 1/ 2005.These take the form of aid and grants and economic programs and Lost followed different in the context devote logic and market mechanisms, But what is more important is the role played by international organizations e, and especially the International Monetary Fund, which is entrusted with the task oversee the implementation of the economic reforms program State must be under only Iraqi Tzamat of economic and financial implications in the under the SBA concluded in the 23 / 11 / 2005. وكما هو .As is known, this part of the requirement T. Paris Club agreement signed in November 21 / 11 January 2004 for the purpose of reducing Iraq's debt, This gives powerful leverage for decision-making in the field economic policy in Iraq. :The Convention aims to achieve stability Alaghtasse Valley and the creation of conditions for the achievement of sustainable growth through vocabulary the following :
• .• achieving monetary stability through control of pain offers of cash through mechanisms interest rate and exchange rate Walt j fall within the responsibility of the Central Bank. The work on controlling the rates of growth in government spending. .The control of inflation and reducing rates. through the mechanisms and instruments of monetary policy on one hand, and also the impact on the markets of goods and services.
• إزالة .• eliminating distortions in the price system, in particular, through the reduction of government support for goods and services, in particular, which provides that the factors involved in the output c, The removal of impediments to the free determination fluctuations of prices. ال .Action to combat smuggling, and especially of the oil products through higher prices gradually told convergence prices neighboring countries.
• ت• rationalize public finances by reducing expenses and Alenafqa T. manufacturing and distributive. such as support of the government and reviewing the ration card system to achieve the reduction burden on public finances. .The proposed actions variety, some include reducing the scope of coverage to focus on low-Hajj e, and reducing itemized, and raising the efficiency of the distribution, work on the conversion to cash allowances. .It is in this context the privatization program of public companies e of the State.
• • develop the role of the banking system
• Improve the governing body in the system of public administration Wa the economic management (fighting corruption, planning, referring tenders, ...)
إن .The proceeds of these reforms are activating the market mechanisms and Aza his distortions of the price system, and to achieve an environment conducive to the movement of capital and Astthm Err, and make way for the private sector to be the prime mover t economic activity. ي.And thus to raise the level of efficiency and performance of the economy of Iraq j.
وملاحظة طويل.The first observation in this regard, may seem persists, is that the International Monetary Fund mean short-term, while the issues of the bank and the medium term long. ما.Vllaul a role in achieving stability policies Alaqet Assadi, The World Bank in its task of helping to achieve projects which provide conditions and the requirements of development and may Humane The production in the country. البشرية.As drafts of infrastructure and human resource training. أي أنولي.No, that the objectives and activities of the impact on the structures Alant Wagey, and therefore assumed that the role of the President in a usually restructuring, while the task due to the IMF's father Crown.
But the most important issue in relation to the conditions of the success of any program a usually economic restructuring Any economic policy impacts broad social. .Vlmthel social cost of these programs in the stage, Ntakalih and while the fruit begins to appear, in addition to the fact that any structural change effects on the pattern of distribution of a the wealth and income in the community. التغيير.So is what the success of the program is to achieve structural change the extent of compromise and consensus on the program of change. وهذه .This is a task of a political-social rather than economic only. وإذا.And if there are segments of broad social and influential in the application of a the program increases the economic difficulties and robs Ha economic rights gained compounded by the absence of uncertainty and anxiety, it will face the opposition and protest movements e take different forms. ومنالأطر.Hence the importance that such programs are subject to the express recognition debate p, and particularly by the people's representatives in the House of Representatives as well as M. n before representatives of the various social forces, as representatives of workers and employers and civil society pain Dennie, in addition to the provincial assemblies and other frameworks. وتؤكد .The experiences of such programs in other countries You e truth.
وفي حالة.In the case of Iraq, There is no doubt that the measures and projects on the card Supply and government support price derivatives stricken words and Mia, The privatization of state-owned companies within the issues must be subject to public debate to achieve convictions Almsht thigh.
في عليها.To that becomes the ultimate goals of any reform, it is necessary to be included in the strategic development of a national e Agreed. وا لاصلاح.Iraq has declared already strategic national development in the T. Shereen II in 2004, The long-term priorities for reconstruction Wa to reform. فيهاشفاف.It is based on the vision of the private sector played a role hinted Donna President enjoys the public sector actor and transparent. وثمة لها.There is a need to discuss this among our strategic outlook again Fe strategic sectoral them. .The new debate is necessary in order to achieve a broader consensus on x Yaratha, and if need be checked, , as well as enrich the perceptions of many about the contents of the reform needed. وقد .The need arose for such a debate. Specifically, a strategic plan, when discussing the draft budget in the House of Representatives of the only Sabia years. اند فيه.For all these issues and the crucial role of decision in the form of foundations Dreamland Magna global economy, and our position in it.
3- تصاديةThree-economic diversification of the productive base
لم .Not without any strategic economic plan in Iraq, since 1970s, the goal of reducing dependence on oil and diversify a rule productivity. ولكننا ت.But today more dependent on oil than ever HS j, It represents more than 90% of the budget resources pw the nation, and about 70% of GDP , and 98% of exports.
وأسباب هذا.The reasons for this failure is due to the large premium policies wrong adopted in the proceeds of a disposition of funds the oil and allow the mechanisms and effects of oil rents Alagh Tassadeh-social to do in its economy and community foundations, turning to the Iraqi economy to a yield economy, it subsided productive activities, The intense when those activities which seek to make Might j larger share of the rent without creating added value to the economy National. والدو الريعيةTo pause at the notion of rentier economy Waldo it rentier
أ.A. مفهوم ةThe concept rentier economy and the rentier state
شهدتالفسا د.Most of Petroleum Exporting Countries, a series of economic and social phenomena and Els Jasih negative interrelated termed "Ba the perverse effects of rent (PERVERT EFFECTS), "Kalhd R. inflation and the exchange rates of their currencies and the growing Alvo thinner and social stagnation in the political structures and Soup e achieving political and economic reforms and inflation devices bureaucracy and the decline of agricultural production and proliferation consumer behavior and the spread of the rentier Alvesa d. 1977 أطلقت.At 1977 hours the British magazine The Economist the term "Dutch disease", the proportion to the impact of gas production in the North Sea on Alagh caught Dutch, the group phenomena inhibiting the growth of the economy homeland j caused by the sudden and significant increase in proceeds machines Yeh from abroad, which used to receive and dispose of them by the State.
أفراد ، معين.In all these cases they considered "profits" (RENTIER state) and that the State was receiving the SIM PSV regular amounts of rent space mission, intended to rent space dividend paid by individuals , companies or foreign governments to individuals or companies Governments or to a particular country. ونلاحظ انأخرى.We note that this definition of rent does not exceed the rent only oil, but that does not require that the State of the States rents e profits. although the situation is the most widespread control of the State A. Mention of rent me whether or oil and export of a Ward Les again.
ويلاحظ .He notes that this definition of revenue for the state does not rentier The economic rent procedure, not only profit from the extraordinary pw Iha government restrictions for some segments and activities Alagh Tassadeh, limitations on imports for example, while allowing merchants a for obtaining the import leave because their profits monopoly often forced to abandon part of a me State officials in the form of bribes, it will also include royalties, which are "collected" Bal violence or the threat of violence by the state, some agencies or governmental or quasi-governmental or T. enjoyed the protection of influential circles in the State.
فيه .The concept of the economy rentier economy to a or the one who relies to a great extent based on spending stricken words Lome, where rents will play a key role in it. وفي هذا منه.In this context, using the general concept of royalty, which called on all income of offset a productive activity of the party, which also receives The volume and pace of this income flow is not directly linked BUNCH pertaining to the beneficiary. فمن .It is characteristic of the rentier income schizophrenia Ilaq e between work and beneficial, This feature and find concrete expression in the weak and dwindling income producing activities than those generated by activities based on speculation (in the real estate and Alao refined financial and currency) and Mediations generate commissions rewarding and trade based on the location of monopoly or quasi monopoly in the market. و يعتبر .The rentier economy, "the ideal format" for Aghtassa d circulation, as competing individuals and groups, Even the State, in order to control the rents. د.Almost most economic activities and means of fully Yen recycling income or turning instead to be governed, but Okeh relevant to the nature of productivity create added value for Aghtassa d.
وفي.In the case of Iraq, together the phenomenon that usually accompany the economy yield with the policies of the devastating tornado regime to make it economical Mazuma disrupted by the effects Allen mo and development.
ب.B. وسائلللريع النفطيThe means of reducing the negative effects of oil royalties
ويساعد .Helps understand the mechanisms and effects of the rent fee Alcasa T. economic policies. الدلية.Valeria oil resources in the form of the flow of hard currency e enter the Iraqi economy and affect in the context of a mechanism to not b about discuss details. the exchange rate of the dinar and actual value, Hence the relative prices between sectors Alaghtassa he had various be to the detriment of the productive sectors open to international competition. ويؤدي ذلك .And eventually lead to the transfer of resources to the cat lighters naturally protected from competition, industries such as construction, The inland transport services and others. This is reflected in the tendency to reduce activities Sana consciousness, agricultural and others. الاجتماعية المحسوبيةRents also affects the social and behavioral help p I spread of favoritism
والفساد.And corruption. الدولة.The fact that the political power to rent happen Nah big economic force encourages authoritarian tendencies inflation and organs of the State. لذا به.Why is rent a disabling of democracy unless taking institutional controls for the proper disposal of the Congo by.
ومن ر منتجة.In economic terms, oil is already economically depleted. must use permit to convert it into a production assets Yeh renewed, and not disposed of as expenditure on goods or neighbor - productive. .This is supposed to be allocated the bulk of the oil revenues for the purposes Wallace Tthmarih. .This is what happened in the light of the age in the 1950s, and the early 1960s when it devoted 75 and then 50% m Nha to the investment budget.
إن الريع:To address the rent must be conducted at several levels :
1.1. .Contain its effects on the exchange rate and the value of the dinar, and through appropriate monetary policy. واللافتن يعادله أو يضبطه.It is noteworthy in this regard that the dinar's value goes surpassed AT reaction toward rent instead of equivalent or set. .It is intended to lift the value of the Iraqi dinar that j Zeid from consumer spending on imported goods and raising the relative prices of locally produced goods and the detriment of thus competitiveness.
2.2. إخضاعالضيقةDecision is subject to dispose of the oil revenue oversight of democratic and isolated as much as possible from politicians psychotropic Yeh and situational narrow political calculations
3.3. منه.Work on increasing proportions of the allocation of the budget Alastth Marais, and to secure a broader social benefit from it. ملك للشعب.In this regard, the Constitution stipulates that oil wealth belongs to the people. ويدور .And there is a debate about the interpretation of this text. .Who owns this wealth? Is it the State by the High people? Or that allowed private ownership of the oil fields and to distribute the proceeds of the citizens? What is the formula Alafeda l for distribution in the circumstances of Iraq? through the budget year e or directly to citizens according to different formulas?. ونقاش.How is the sharing of wealth between the center and regions? Hoses z find elements of these questions are answered in the Constitution and others need to discuss and debate. .And all of these questions will be of interest when the draft s Unwin oil.
الحل The radical solution to cope with the impacts of oil rents lies in presentations god obstacles to the establishment and growth of productive activities. in industry, agriculture, and other advanced services. وما ة؟What must be determined by the strategic outlook development. whether it is unleashing orientation of the economy Her s and the liberalization of trade can help to achieve this diversity in the bottom this economic, What is the role that must be played by the state? The question is a for more on this matter, What is the most appropriate combination between the private and public sectors , in addition to other sectors, combined, The cooperative, in order to stimulate productive activities, producers and enable Iraqis to develop their production and Tajithm to be able to compete with father and Why?
يقالThat question was appropriate is half the answer, Therefore it is necessary to work to ask the appropriate questions, especially with regard is the role of the State Economic , and the possibilities and limits of market mechanisms, The different forms of ownership, The relationship between centralization and decentralization, and others. The transition to a market economy a term of art that seems neutral great social, It focuses on the provision of the terms of efficiency in the use of a guide the economic resources. But as attractive and coherent in a constructive Almf Homi abstract, but when the transition to visual reality, rise to the surface a range of issues. The relationship between the state and the market is not as Altar Deh severe put. In the current circumstances, there is no market in Iraq apply for the necessary conditions to be competitive and efficient in directing resources. In addition to the lack of security, absence of transparency. and equal conditions between the economic players, The distortions in the price structure. And playing the role of the State in institution-building and to provide frameworks of legislative and administrative organization played a key role in Tmki n the market mechanism to exercise its role. As for the role of the state into production. answers from the World Bank itself, as he says in his report a for the last resort, Many of the State-owned companies have denominated AT restore profitability and will continue to create major source fled Al new job. As for the private sector, Both worked on the Iraqi economy, Aemtlk recognizes that the potential to become the prime mover of the mainstay of the national economy and development. However, this possibility does not doubt the future will evolve, in conjunction with the success in restoring security and stability and the development of institutional building and improve management. In this context it will play a public-private partnership General and in different formats, each will develop, one of paths to achieve faster structural changes the required. But one can not dispense with the role of the state, not necessarily through direct ownership, to enable Iraq to build its own in the fields require large capital and the level of risk of slamming private sector. This applies to the infrastructure and industries sweaters Leger, research and development and other .

NOT SURE WHEN THIS WAS WRITTEN, ??

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for anyone wondering what they are doing or whats so important to discuss this article puts it all out there. wow, very complex things to think about when revitalizing an economy. its a wonder theyve made it as far as they have already with all the things to consider.