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Event : Economic ration card in Iraq between abolition and retention (2 - 1)
Mahmoud Alvkiki
Whenever Sirte News intention of the State to leave the program monthly free food distribution, namely, the so-called ration card, prevailed fears among grain industry in Iraq. Factor producer or cadres of government ministries.
Under the ration card system, the Ministry of Trade in Iraq, the distribution of wheat flour free of charge to families by (9) kilograms per month per capita of the resident population aged one year and above, with other food items include rice, pulses, sugar, tea and cleaning materials different amounts per capita, commensurate with the importance of the article the balance of individual consumption and family. وDistributed Aloazarh these materials mediate a distribution network consisting of approximately (18.6) A. Under the distribution in the private sector owners of shops and stalls, of whom about one thousand (5.4) and Under in Baghdad.
The production of flour to (175) mills in the private sector (with five mills governmental organization). These mills formula contract with the state must state the processing of grain mill, according to the actual grinding energy, in return for the receipt of the quantity of flour by the mill (80%) of the weight of wheat processed it, pouched polypropylene bags or side agreements printed material and bear the name, address and the mill by 50 kg / bag.
وتدThe State of the grinding mill wages and the mobilization by (10) per ton of rubbish for the love of the processed corn. Thus, the return of the mill grinding process per ton (10) dollars plus (20%) bran and impurities purification and milling. The average sale price of tons of waste and bran (Matrouh Square lab) is (135) USD (an annual average of the year) and increases the price of a quarter that in the summer and autumn and the same percentage decrease in the winter and spring of factors related to the seasonal nature of the alternatives forage.
The grain mills in Iraq at the present time, since 1990 the only enjoy several advantages not enjoyed by other Iraqi industry. These advantages are :
1- The production of the content of sales and marketing, they do not know the fluctuation of market crisis or sales or seasonal bouts of depression or unseasonable sluggish than many other industries, but all that is produced and sold throughout the year.
2-إنthat buyers of production and one person is the State, and the mill away from the problems and concerns of multiple parties to purchase.
3- The supply of raw materials wheat, which is characterized by the content and stability and durability, it is far from turmoil processing operations, the possibility of loitering processors or price fluctuations inputs.
4-كثيoften by the General Company for Grain Processing (government) supervising these mills, the supply of spare parts imported preferential foreign exchange rates subsidized.
5-The five-door entry to the industry locked, not allow it to the mill or new mills to enter this industry and compete, but are the exclusive domain of the existing mills which is about (175) mills with the private sector towards Mills (5) government. This is a very important issue, with significant economic impact.
6- The small amount of operating capital in the industry, under the ration card system, which is also an important advantage, is not the amount of operating capital of more than one cent on the capital invested in the project. ذلك ان The mill does not need to invest sums in buying wheat. أنThe small project needed (ie the draft) for working capital is the advantage of the task, and we can imagine the large amount of capital operating in these mills, if adopted, the mill itself in the provision of wheat purchase, Iraq relies on imports by 80-85% of its annual wheat, the amount required was used then to be significant because of the length of time spent between Fatah and the arrival of wheat reliance. إThe grinding mill card actual amount (100) tons per day of love will normally (in the present system) to the capital of the operation may Limits (1.5) million. أكMost are employed in the supply of wheat from abroad and needs storage reserves.
7- with improved cash incomes of the Iraqi family involvement and increased rates of women working outside the home, in public posts and the companies, the number of Iraqi families that depend on commercial bakery ovens to get their bread and freezer ready. And these households currently accounted for 30% of total families of Iraq. At the level of the Baghdad governorate, the rate was 40% (the study of global food). Therefore, these families do not use their share of the flour ration card, as they were working days of siege, but sell at a low price average (0.25) dollars for a kilo, equal to (250) per ton. أThe number of owners of the mills back Vestre this flour at the mill continued (0.30) per kilogram equals (300) dollars per ton.
Then again processed according to a contract between him and the Ministry of Trade and making it appear "that the Ministry has produced flour from wheat love to receive them. Thus, the equation between him and the ministry (as much as it is this process) : The ministry gave 1.2 tons of wheat, plus 12 dollars in return received one ton flour. The total value of what gives the ministry is (370) dollars, while the owner of the mill to give him is what may cost $ (300), Valerbah net in the process of reciprocity is (70) per ton of flour playback. The wheat received by the factory for these quantities of flour replaced, the owner of the mill is milled for him and the production of white flour (Namira 7-0) Vibian in local markets at a price of the total (0,35) $ / kg, or the equivalent of 350 dollars per ton, or to sell wheat as received from the ministry at a rate of $ 300 ton (infers). This is another source of profit for the private sector mills which exercise of the peace process in light of the ration card and was officially prohibited.
As previously stated, the study prepared by the World Food Program of the United Nations in cooperation with the Ministry of Planning and Development Cooperation and the Central Agency for Statistics in Baghdad that Iraqi families that relied on the purchase of insurance and bread stores in 2005 hit (30%) of the total number of families of Iraq, if we know that the quantity of flour to Iraq card for the year about 2006 (3.7) million tons of flour. The proportion (30%) are (1.1) million tons (approximately) is the estimated annual quantity of flour card, which is essential for the Iraqi families (by sale or otherwise) and replaces them with the direct purchase of the bread and stores of furnaces and commercial bakeries. The amount of flour mills dating back to once again be injected is not known and perhaps because of the same bag to the mill for more than once. This is the explanation of the spread of flour Almtafan and corrupt, which is now received by many people in recent times, and what it has found (helminthes).
To enjoy the benefits of the seven above-mentioned bill continuing work ration card system current, and the owners of the mills are well aware of that. This is the explanation for the cancellation of fears of the system.
The new economic policy in Iraq now shift from the adoption of strategic subsidized prices to strategic entry supported. Under the new strategic outlook is supposed to convert amounts spent by the state in the purchase of ration card and the current estimate (2.7) billion dollars annually to the cash input by the State to the poorest families and lower-income, ending the ration card system shall be Iraqi families are all different levels of entry to ensure its articles on direct procurement. New Valstratejeh claimed to equity, justice and social balance and closer to sustainable development, provided that the complete abolition of price support revenues to support cash Muawwad real and effective for the poor, and not marginal, in addition to other actions complementary support balance economic, social and work is not as desperate social protection systems current. Knows that more than half the Iraqi people, or (15.7) million people live on one dollar a day liable for this number more than four million people living half a per capita They live extreme poverty despite the receipt of the ration card. , And the unemployment rate is 50%. About 60% of the number of school students complain anemia. If the lifting of ration cards without an effective compensation program, there will be a major disaster. اThe distribution of (10) per person per month, "will not compensate tranche living half dollars per day." They need the continuation of the quota with the amount of (10) per person each month "in addition to (Total purchase in the form of coupons)