Thread: Iraq/Dinar News to April 19, 2007 10PM CST

Originally Posted by tiffany

WEEEEEEEEEEEEEHOOOOOOO!

....how many body parts can YOU cross?

Fingers and toes, legs and arms.......darn it's hard to type this way!

QUESTION!

AM I READING THIS WRONG, OR IS THIS A TYPO?


purchase price البيعThe sale price

2 70.000 1 1272.000 USD

Translated version of http://www.ninanews.com/

also noticed a price index chart that seems new

Meeting
لأThe Minister of Finance will meet the Under-Secretary of the Treasury America
.Baghdad / Nina / met Finance Minister Baqer Jabr Al-Zubaydi, Undersecretary of the Treasury Department punched during his current visit to Washington. لوكالةAccording to a statement by the Council of Ministers today, Wednesday, the Agency received
Translated version of http://www.ninanews.com/

واشنطنIraq participate in a meeting of 24 held in Washington


19: 3 6 18 / 04 / 2007 19 : 3 6 18 / 04 / 2007

PUKmedia :PUKmedia :

.Chaired by Finance Minister Baqer Jabr Al-Zubaydi Iraqi delegation to the meeting of the Committee (24), which was held in Washington.

.The minister said during the meeting that Iraq take firm steps in the economic sphere, through the implementation of important programs, especially those aimed at reducing inflation rates for the advancement of the Iraqi economy, pointing out that the Iraqi government has opened up to all States and countries for cooperation in the economic field and investment.

.The meeting, attended by Mr. Brown, the British Finance Minister, and a large number of Finance Ministers and central bank governors and heads of the International Monetary Fund and World Bank economic subjects of employment, export and consumption, investment and economic reforms to achieve high growth rates through 2007, as well as actions taken on the promotion of trade and the protection of to achieve economic integration between the countries and take advantage of the potential productivity and raise employment rates and job creation and investment promotion between countries.

كما.He also met Finance Minister Baqer Jabr Al-Zubaydi Under the Treasury Department Alamirikeh during his visit to Washington.

.Zubaidi stressed during the meeting to intensify international efforts to ensure the presence of a majority of the countries participating in the meeting of the International Meeting and the neighboring countries, so as to help Iraq to extinguish debts and revive its economy, which possesses all the elements of a sound economy, pointing out that the majority of Iraq's debts and benefits resulting from acts of the former regime, which squandered the wealth of the country and the people heavily burdened and therefore, the Iraqi citizen looks forward to helping all sister and friendly states to extinguish those debts, which introduced him to it.

.He punched Mr. part of the cooperation for the mobilization of international efforts to attend a meeting of the International Covenant which it is hoped held in Sharm el-Sheikh.

وقد.It was chaired by Mr. Jabr Al-Zubaidi During the meeting, the Iraqi delegation, which includes Mr. Sinan Shabibi governor of the Central Bank of Iraq and a number of spe******ts in the workshop which was convened to discuss issues related to the International Decade of the Iraqi debt and economic reforms and implementation of the budget, with head and punched Mr. Undersecretary of the Ministry of the Treasury America, which the American side included representatives of the State Department and the National Security Council and the Ministry of Defense.

ÊÝÇÕíá ÇáÇÎÈÇÑ

Originally Posted by bigred52

Article on VA TECH-----funny ?
What new law would have stopped him ?
I think the procedures will have to be tightened up--mental health and
medical prescriptions should be put in the approval process.
Israel trained and armed their teachers years ago to stop terrorists
coming in the classrooms.

Whoa, my friend, lets step back from the computor. This is a can of worms we dont need in the news thread. Not saying yes, not saying no. But you have read enough to know what kind of responses will come.

lets chill about this all. Yes a tragedy, but lets keep to topic at hand.

Now back to dinars.

Gloribee

Originally Posted by rvalreadydang

QUESTION!

AM I READING THIS WRONG, OR IS THIS A TYPO?


purchase price البيعThe sale price

2 70.000 1 1272.000 USD

Translated version of http://www.ninanews.com/

also noticed a price index chart that seems new

This came up for me
CURRENT EXCHANGE RATE IQD

Purchase Rate
Currency

1270.000
USD $

1725.114
Euro €

National Iraqi News Agency

Hi Everyone,

I have been reading the posts today and it seemed earlier that some were concerned with the HCL having problems and the IMF not wanting dramatic change.

I just wanted to say a little bit on things that we are seeing. Regarding the IMF and WTO they are speeding up the process for Iraq because it is such a unique situation and so greatly undervalued. It really is a once in a life time opportunity. Also regarding the HCL I really believe this is a smoke screen of old information. Like many of the members of RC and in particular Adster who have mentioned on many occasion that it is highly unlikely the will sign the ICI without the HCL in place. I agree with this 100%

If they were to push the ICI because they had not agreed on the HCL that would show quite negatively on Iraq and there ability to pull things together. I am not saying this could not happen as we have all learned by now Iraq will go at there own pace. I am sure they would be forgiven so if this does happen do not panic. They have far too much of what the World wants and needs for anyone too give up on them completely. However I really do not see a delay on the ICI.

Also we need to remember that a Country's worth is based on Product, Supply and demand. They have the largest product of oil and natural gas which is a huge part of everyones every day life so demand is extremely high. Also as soon as they open the gates to Iraq to big Investors and Company's they will be able to help Iraq with supplying the great demand of Iraq's product. The problem with Iraq right now is they do not have the resources to get the product to the consumer in great amounts and reliable flow. But with the help on these Company's and investors this will not remain a problem for very long.

On the major news site I read I only see articles now about how Company's are banging on the door of Iraq. This is great. I think they are just finalizing all of the loose ends.

I think we could see an RV as soon as tomorrow and as late as June just taking into account for any delays. But this is just an opinion not based on any rumor or inside source as I do not have a source except for the great news that I read on this forum each day.

Also remember that we are just starting the BIG Election campaign for the United States. This will be one of the major topics. If President Bush can come out smelling like Roses this will be very favorable to the Republicans for the up coming race.

When this ball really starts rolling there will be no stopping it.

Dinar-Excited

After spending 1/2 an hour copying, pasting and translating, i got too pooped to read this through, lol anyone up for it?


The new Iraqi oil law and the views of the professionals



المقدمة :Introduction :



.The truth after listening to different views to those who consider themselves experts in the oil from the Iraqis or the Arabs or people from non-spe******ts oil The criticism of the Law on Investment of oil wealth, which was prepared by the elected Iraqi government, which must be approved by an elected parliament and the bulk of their criticism of the law to dispel that Iraq's oil wealth, however, makes it subject to major international oil companies and this something of the logic but far less in the health claim, to examine and scrutinize all views in addition to the main objective of this study is to give an even modest to give a full understanding of the simple Iraqi citizen who does not know the policies of the petroleum industry and refute the views of detractors might imply that the new law will remove most of Iraq's wealth and the key will more than three quarters of wealth to the oil companies and a few little to the Iraqi people, so that we formed the idea of this study and to introduce my article of this research service of the citizen voter who was elected Iraqi government and the Parliament in a free and trends in the oil contracts investments at the present time after the ongoing transformation of the world economy towards a Altjarhalehrh and economic blocs that took place in the 1990s after the dawn of the new world order and the collapse of so******m.

.I say at the outset that the Arabs and Iraqis, especially afflicted derides frozen to change their way of thinking and insulated from changes in thinking, the political arena and international economic and the disaster that befell Iraq as a result of the same policies, even those related to oil, which has been condemned by the Baathist regime in the era of fascist and stupid who took to Iraq what it is from the debris and infrastructure from scratch.

فمنلةIt looks at all the political and economic theories of a pattern of totalitarian regimes such as the fascist dictatorship and the Ba'ath so******t system collapsed in the former Soviet Union, where the So******t theory collapsed at the political and economic variables did not resist that have taken place in the world in terms of political, economic, it was natural that the collapse of the so******t system is not the flaw in the theory and application but because the fundamentals of the theory is wrong and outside the economic or political logic, where even in the Islamic system, which has nothing to do with Iran by now, in an era of the Islamic State that followed the reporting policy charted a political or economic system is not centralized resembles what it is the Arab and Islamic countries from central to the policy or the economy, where the state

.Islamic countries, especially in the era of Imam Ali bin Abi Talib and Covenants and the Abbasid Caliph follow the federal system with some of the central as well as the same pattern in the economy and taxes as the state mandates and corner and we all know him taxation in the States and how soon and transfer payments Bayt to the Muslims, and how the money is distributed wealth and land and blessings to the Muslims, especially in the era of the fourth Caliph Ali bin Abi Talib, the pattern of the capitalist system, which also has disadvantages but with a preference of the so******t system and achieved many of the gains even if some of cruelty to the people followed, the duplication of application between so******m and capitalism (as in Libya and Masserosain) I say all that has been followed by the failure of the Third World regimes in the march towards progress and prosperity for their peoples and into the joints, most of the state economy and financial and administrative corruption and lost people in these countries food and economic security not to mention the political was that produced the devastating economy and socially destructive are these peoples sedation promises less gossip promises to be stupid as not produce or produce policies for a decade or two decades to make the people prevail subsistence level fluently and good policies will succeed Will the next how many years will once again in order to reach expected by those regimes.



لم ).Did not happen and will not happen because the logic of economic and political unscientific even produce what is the best and that the fruit of these regulations are only further devastation of political, economic and social terms were vandalized until the ethics people in dealing with each other economically and socially not to mention the political "and the result of the invasion of the State of the State and the State of debt oil wealth (such as Algeria and Iraq).



فمن .It is seen that many of the countries that were invaded by totalitarian political systems interfere in the overall details of the state economically and socially believe that the crisis would hit violently those communities year after year, and the best example of where the Iraqi people since the Ait to life this struck many people, political crises and economic crises of oil and gas to food crises and to many of them, where did these people live a day without crisis all kinds Dolhoshaab lived under constant imaginary conspiracies.



والنفطState's economy and oil



.The simplest concepts of trade and the economy, if money invested "in any project unless recover capital and part of the profits with the project is considered economically" failed project, and the loser is not commercial or economic logic to keep it, but you have to look for other projects and different alternative and you have to change the Siasatk whether politically, "or economically so as to ensure the success of Aghtassadk and biography in the right way, which brings prosperity to the people and the level of subsistence at least the average case, for example, many of the Arab economic tier, and the average non-poor nor acceptable level of welfare of the people as living in the Gulf states.



ان .The support of the state of the economy must turn out to be at the expense of economic growth and outside the borders of GDP and government spending more than the state resources and subject to the State's economy by years of budget deficits, any detailed economic loser, a failed search, or must be abolished or transferred must not Alastmrarveh and which is causing his followers transition to a State in debt not be able repayment and turn the problem to the chronic illness Collapses of its impact after years the State and in its economic as happened in Argentina, and this does not mean lift of subsidy on basic staple of the people or services not citizen can safeguarded only the state support them but there other alternatives economically To Aared go into them now and to be a am not a spe******t in the economy or money but could be boosted their levels of the entry of individuals with the retain the economy of advanced and activist non-static approach, To Airan of jus cogens to the State and its men if they the winners economic or failures but must adopt the economy of the State and his movement the output of national State and development projects them and proceeding projects, and returns to the economy of the State with securing funding from one project to another and should not be spending more than it produced only if the sources of financing and compensation in order to keep the economy of the state is himself without waiting or relying on loans or consumption GNP without compensation, if God blessed the country oil wealth must not dissipate without spending returns in other joints, generating profits and offset spending in other joints others productivity army, education and administration.



الصناعة النفطيةThe petroleum industry



النفط :Oil :



موماThere are several theories of the oil wealth and God to human beings is one of the blessings and generally

أو .Oil is the means consists mainly of hydrocarbons, as well as a small percentage of sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen, composed and staged in the ground and remain in place to come to the surface of the earth by natural factors Kalshakouk-ground faults or fractures or retrieved rights digging wells. ال.No oil in the ground or, in case of semi-solid injury, or in the case of liquid raw material, oil or in the case of gas, natural gas, production varies oilfields, which are produced crude oil mixed with little natural gas, which are mainly produced from natural gas with a little crude oil or not, as having natural gas.

المختلفةCrude oil consists of a mixture of oil derivatives (asphalt, fuel oil, kerosene and gasoline), which differ from us attributing different ore to another and according to these same ratios of different types

من خام نسبةFrom crude oil in the world which can easily distinguish them from each painted or quality and density dependent "on the density and the type and degree of any NBA depends price of a barrel of oil. different crude oil in terms of color from black to brown to green and white, either in terms of different density crude oil, about the intensity of water, the less the degree of intensity of crude oil was an indication of the high proportion of

.Light benzene derivatives, which raises the price of a barrel of crude oil and vice versa. addition to the intensity of oil there were other considerations such as (a rise in the rate of sulfur, the impurities other), in determining the value of crude oil, a decline of the value of crude oil if it contains a high sulfur because the Refining raw needs then to the establishment of special units for the separation of sulfur petroleum and its derivatives, and if burning of oil which contains a sulfur will lead to the pollution of the atmosphere, greenhouse sulfur the suffocating, as that the presence of waxes in the crude oil make raw either direction shall be frozen, rapidly in the low temperatures and then not possible leap test-tubes for turns into a bloc solid from wax.



العالميPlace oil in the global system





.The importance of oil in many respects, most notably First ": economic, and political point of making this resource sketch to a large extent the main lines of policy and the world will be even more important year after year.

.Secondly show the importance of oil characteristic of productive investment, works and management of a number of specific companies, production, transport and refining in the map of the oil trade, and after he is a study of oil identify areas of production, and then transmitted to the importance of oil resource exploitation, and the way the different stages of the industry, which is going through the production process from exploration to reach the consumer's image as derivatives and petrochemical industries, with diverse been producing more than 450 chemicals extracted or derived from crude oil, and used today in the preparation of many different products, estimated at more than 1500 brand, can therefore be said that the oil products are absolutely necessary in the follow-up work for the welfare of peaceful people.



التكريرStarts of oil prospecting and exploration operations, then move into a number of stages, stage estimating oil reserves and identifying characteristics, and the actual stage of the production process, and thirdly, transport and refining

وزيع.And distribution.

.The oil production in the oil states, including the oil states in the Gulf region, including Iraq, who were to Aemtlkon expertise or capital or transport fleet or refineries, which resulted in (oil states in the Gulf and Iraq) from the production company, however, a number of companies, which have contributed most of the state.

.The Second World War brought about a sharp shock in the whole world and the radical changes included all parts of the world, jolted the world also in the thought and its entire fittings and the cultural, social, economic, political, emerged two major forces in the world are Natidhalamrikeh States and the former Soviet Union. appeared on the horizon evidence, which confirms that the two will Tbdouan to take the new locations in the world by this radical change in the balance of Aquialthi turn, requires the need to change the balance of the distribution of the world's natural resources (oil wells in the first place), the distribution of natural resources between them was unfair what happened competition and conflict between them sharp features have these changes immediately after the war, which tried each of those two forces that control the sources of natural resources, including oil and each draft map of the character lines, Poles have agreed in the (Yalta) to be Eastern Europe in the sphere of influence of the Soviet Union increased by 100%, and Western Europe in the sphere of influence of the United States by 100%, as agreed to be influential in the Balkans by 50% each of the parties, but for the Middle East (the most important sources of oil) admitted each party legitimate interests of the other party in this region rich in oil, and the United States believes that with its oil wells in the Middle East regard the share is a legacy of Western Europe.

طلب.The American President Roosevelt's re-division of the Middle East oil, which Britain had been controlled mostly, and rushed to Roosevelt in 1945 to the meeting, the leaders of oil-rich countries in the Middle East. a prelude to the announcement of the American political debate on the Middle East, the remoteness and Zarhalkharjeh American official memo to the British Foreign content can be summed up in the desire of (British stop political interference, which has hindered the United States from oil concessions in the areas of the rule of the British, increase the rate of exploitation of oil in the Middle East so that the proportion of America exploitation of oil to keep the oil stored to keep providing for the future delivery of oil wells, especially Saudi Arabia and Iraq to the waters of the Gulf or to the Mediterranean through pipelines to transport oil), also revealed America's control of the transportation routes through access to traffic rights in the States (the oil producing countries, including Iraq) subject the influence of the British.



)،The United States sought Alamrikihvi early last century to control the pillars of the world economy with the objectives of economic and political strategy (taking into account that the foreign policies and strategic outlook now in recent years has changed radically, especially "after the events of September 11, 2001 and became searching for the development the global economy and the international trading system and the development of the economies of the countries of the third and pain Jososa which owns oil wealth on development and development in order to bring political stability and Gatade and Bantejeh ensure that the flow of oil to the world market),











في شهر.On top of these pillars is the energy and sources (oil) through the creation of its allies secured from which to control the sources of oil supply, roads and access to world markets at reasonable prices. (and control here is not Power also was in the last century but control unilateralism with their power and ensure the security of oil a security "and economically to ensure the permanency of the flow of oil to the world markets and major industrial states the consumer the larger of the oil), especially after the events of September 11, 2001 In time that will head the world towards the new world system which need to the permanency of economic development in the world and which can be achieved only securing its sources of financing (sources of energy), including oil first-class which is located most its source oil in the developing States-Third World (OPEC countries 87.7%) In (the Caspian Sea basin, Russia, Canada, Mexico, the United States and other States), which less down its reserves macro than 23% of the world stock of the oil, an estimated oil reserve of the United States at about (22 billion barrels), or about 2% of world oil reserves, and the range of its reserve call (700-600 million barrels), which are used in the oil crisis as it could fill the vacuum if the crisis did not last more than a month.

ان .The American leadership, the current coming from the oil and knows the importance of the strategic oil well and takes the same sophisticated relations with the world oil industry, despite the fact that Washington's history of tense with OPEC but they managed during the twenty years of the establishment of close ties with most countries with huge oil reserves, and the most important countries of OPEC members are (Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait), and the time has come with the new Iraq, and that through the adoption of the establishment of a democratic system, based attitude of the common interests between them, notably the creation of investment opportunities and development of the Iraqi oil market, which had been under the control of Russia and France before the fall of the former regime, which is often "lack of modern technology, which reduces the cost of extraction per barrel since these countries are themselves dependent on American technology in the oil industry, which are basically American industry.



:Detection methods for oil :



.The disclosure of oil in the past are always in the areas where there are positive indications of oil and signs (Arashouhat oil on the surface of the Earth (such as oil Arashouhat in Khanaqin) In areas where natural gas emitting (eternal fire in Kirkuk), or articles, such as oil or water wells that produce salt water mixed oil.



تتواجد منThis privacy exists in many parts of the basin oil, the method followed by the researchers for oil in areas presence Arashouhat oil, and were able to discovery of oil in commercial quantities first time in America where the first drilling oil wells in the world in the state of Pennsylvania It was the discovery of oil in other regions of Poland in 1858, Canada in 1858, the United States in 1858, Romania in 1860, Peru in 1836, Russia in 1866, has expanded disclosures oil Hafralabar After examining the findings in these areas and analysis of the specifics of the rock layers where oil

.Where composition (quality components layers) and installed, and study the composition of the rock layers where oil and helped the results of those studies to the understanding of the geological nature of the geological regions where oil.

( وجودExtended geological studies in the light of the geological understanding of the nature of the oil-production areas to areas that are showing signs of Arashouhat oil and the use of scientific research methods, which rely on the concept of geological composition and collected oil, which requires the availability of certain conditions, including (a

وهي :Thick layers of sedimentary rocks to produce oil should be between these layers of porous rocks, sand and limestone for the gathering of oil and non porous layers, such as children or salt to prevent the migration of oil stored : a fisheries gather oil), on the basis these become the disclosure of oil contains several steps, namely :


1-.1-selecting areas of sedimentary rocks that contain thick layers of porous and non Msamihan through the study of the components and the installation of rock above the Earth's surface, analyze rock samples extracted from Hafralabar exploratory.


2-).2 - The search for oil and fisheries, locating and borders, including what Izhrvouk surface of the Earth through the use of the Geological Survey or the use of aerial photography, which gives a rapid and comprehensive research areas, which could determine the pace of geological sites fisheries oil, and in areas which do not appear above the Earth's surface rocks (deserts and water basins) must use of geophysical survey, which depends on the measurement of the natural properties of the surface layers such as class or Mgnatesitha the attractiveness or quick passage of the vibration, Mstkhaddmahajehzh particular organ (or gravity or magnetic OBS).


3- .3-selection fisheries appropriate for the drilling of exploratory wells for oil, fisheries depends on the choice of geological study of the area, this would require the geological identified a clear picture of the dimensions of the oil basin, and then choosing the best and largest fishery near the basin of Hafrabar (exploratory wells) The disclosure of oil.


4- 4-ranging depth of drilling exploratory wells from a few hundred meters to a few thousand by the depth of classes which combine oil, and when there is that the discovery of oil has been achieved, then the tests conducted to determine the amount of the alloy can be hot, if the quantity of production of hot suitable for exploitation economically then announced the discovery of a new oilfield, or perhaps might prove the existence of oil in quantities of Atsaleh of economic exploitation during this phase, and then do not want to understand that the discovery has been made and resume drilling operations in other locations.


:The risks and costs of exploration :



).Oil exploration is one of the most risky funds because the success rate depends on many variables, including the nature of the terrain and geological origin and the geology of the region Tktonia movement, this risk varies from one area to another, depending "to the geological nature, those are the discovery of oil in the region to discover oil drilling speeds are considered areas of commercial presence of the oil produced commercially possible, including what needs to be a long time and huge amounts of money before the discovery of oil as happened to the Azerbaijani company for the Greater Arab Maghreb (British) P j Misrata Basin in the south-west of Libya, where continued research and exploration for more than ten years from the late 1980s to mid-1990s in order to be sure of the commercial presence of oil and Basin Bulletin northwest basin of the former gas company Eni of Italy where exploration and exploratory drilling nearly two decades of time (since the beginning of a for the 1980s to 2001 AD, leading to the discovery of commercial presence of oil and gas which has been known gas project west of Libya and the rate of participation between the company and the government (59% of the company and 41% of the Libyan government).

The high costs of Algiolji and geophysical exploration and drilling exploratory wells more than the risk, especially if the operations are conducted in areas far exceed expenses medium, where the cost of drilling wells up to $ 1 million or more. People amounts of money in drilling exploratory wells which may reach or contacted to success and the success rates exceed 40%, for example, were drilled exploratory wells in 1865 in Africa, discovered oil in 518 wells only a success rate 21.7%, and this was for a 15-year period (1950-1965), In the same period in 3263 were drilled exploratory wells in the Western European, discovered oil in 523 wells only, a success rate 13.8%. compared to these high costs. Profits oil production is very high on average 4 or 5 times the profits of other industries, and this is what pays oil companies to continue to search for oil and extracted with careful attention in the scientific scrutiny before approval of drilling exploratory wells in order to reduce production costs
Rose Alastcchav of oil due to an array of reasons : the most important (development of the means of detection and dependence on sensitive electronic devices that require special expertise and accuracy in operation and maintenance, a disclosure in remote areas (deserts, forests and marine areas, the spread of disclosures in the maritime areas that exceed the cost of drilling holes in the comparable land areas - land). estimated overall, the cost of the Geological Survey of Light Between 5000 - 12000 per month and a variable rate according to the situation and different circumstances, the preparation of aerial photos cost about 1.5 square Dolarllkelomter This is the least of the Geological Survey of the cost, while the cost of geophysical survey, it depends on the quality of how used, as mandated operations aeromagnetic surveys Between 10000-15000 Dolarllkelo per square meter, the cost of the survey, which depend on gravity ranges between 20000 - 60000 per month, was followed by the acoustic survey of the average cost of the land at about $ 100 thousand per month for one task, and reach about 250 thousand dollars per month in the maritime areas, at the present time all operations above prices per square kilometer (eg scanning acoustic price of the 12000 to $ 20000 per square kilometer for one). drilling costs vary from one area to another as far from the centers of operations and ease of transportation and difficulty in view of the magnitude of devices and equipment used, range the cost of operating the rig deep in the ground call 100-200 thousand dollars a month and that for a large drilling depths of up to 15 thousand feet, while the cost of this 300-$ 500 thousand per month for For rig sea, The reason for these large costs that practically T. offshore drilling platforms and the need to be drilling equipment freely particular underlying rigs whether drilling platforms or vessels floating (from the digging Messam design special equipment to the offshore drilling robbed of the Joint urine Joint Aldiverter to be asked) The docking system to its own associated factors associated with drilling operations and maintenance needs of these platforms or vessels, the cost of transportation from one place to another, they are subjected to much notice when the waves were crashing and the crash of the rig, but this needs to design assurances of accuracy in the calculation of the worst maritime conditions, from the accounts Heads of platforms or vessels are very delicate so as not to affect the drilling operations and the loss in terms of time and cost that the deep drilling of up to 3000 meters from the sea bed and the number of wells drilled in the conditions of residence to 14 wells in the year, while others may not carved more than three wells j year dependent "on the conditions and the associated problems during drilling of weather and sea state and sea with violent atmosphere up to the number of wells drilled in the four year and the cost of digging up sea about four or five times the cost of drilling wells in the ground.

Sunahastkharaj : landlocked oil extractive industries in general "and the extraction of oil industry in particular as" several characteristics that make them different from all other industries, the most prominent privacy lies in : no-one oil deposits in the underground at a depth of thousands of feet of the Earth's surface or from the bottom Aalbahar, deal with the rights of these groupings without oil or to see or know the truth can detect achievements size, but dealing with the use of advanced scientific theories and practical experience long Ways to search for oil complex, and require enormous amounts no matter how these methods of scientific development was unable to give the statement of certainty about the existence of oil in place, everybody should be drilling exploratory wells to confirm this, and thus further complicating the process cracking and wash variety of sizes and trends formed in geological times immemorial, in addition to the tectonic movements that increase the incidence of significant differences in the characteristics of the geological formations and structures and the specifics of oil reservoirs. 3 - There are no gatherings in the oil reservoirs or underground rivers or seas as some might imagine, but there are gatherings in the oil pore spaces of sedimentary rocks Swaouakant primary or secondary result of the movement of classes or because of erosion Amlet air or mud underneath surface, which causes movement classes and Anazgatha or breakage, and usually there these groupings oil with other materials (water, gas, impurities), and therefore do not represent material oil hundred% of the volume of porous available in the fisheries - oil reservoirs Soaekant synthetic or Stratograveh, In addition, the same degree of saturation of oil in the pore spaces in rocks divided on the amount of oil may be extracted and other amounts present in the pores of rock dead, not related to any Bmsamat adjacent to the quantity that is not extracting and outside accounts quantity of Commerce.
4-doing oil exploration is not enough because it does not give a clear vision in the class gives reassurance to evaluate reservoirs in terms of the quantity of oil extraction viable fisheries or volume-oil reservoirs or expected behavior, Some might imagine that it is possible to obtain all the information required during drilling through the analysis of rock samples to study the characteristics of the oil-bearing layer and to clarify the vision for the conduct of the oil-pressure curve in the temperature of the reservoir (class rock oil-carrying) and the amount of expected because of oil reserve deposits. it is necessary to point out that whatever the results of the analysis of the volume of components during rock drilling, it will not exceed one of the forty or fifty million compared to the total volume of rock class required examination

It specializes in contracts give the company the right to research and exploration in a plot of land granted by the state of the company holding company will undertake all the work in the exploration and prospecting then if commercial quantities of oil to the development company turn up "to the stage production, export and here every State must be given facilities to give the land to facilitate the work of the company, both in terms of equipment and labor to bring their own for the completion of work, when the stage production and export will be given part of the profits to the state owned the land, These contracts did not give the State the right to the owner of the land, the right of appointment right management and supervision when these contracts were concluded at the beginning of the expansion in research and exploration and production in the beginning of the past century because of that most governments were subject to different companies do Explored, searching for oil. But at the moment has been reached formulas better and equitable contracts granted by the State part of the management, supervision and recruitment of national labor and employment training by the company invested example, the concession contracts in Libya, Saudi Arabia and Oman.

Contracts for the production : the monopoly contracts that had not determined the conditions that benefit the state participate with the company invested and that the State under these contracts on a few of the economic benefit without the conditions that must be developed for the benefit of the state, the contracts put the future of the state depends on the donor's strong emphasis on the development of the market when the sale has not been determined rates of participation and proceeds will be divided according to percentages specified conditions with a right of access to a proportion of employment in the company the right to the training of public officials by the company for the benefit of the participating State and the example of this contracts contracts in the Republic of Angola-Angolan Oil Company and multinational companies such as a corporation with the duty of the Italian oil company with the British company Conoco Philip of America and the state's share here they have participated little in comparison with the companies and proceeds divided by the ratios that have been part of. 3. Service contracts : the contracts undertaken by the State - to-Z are taught company to serve as a contractor for the implementation of research and exploration for the benefit of the state, as Iraq was in the era of the ousted regime and of these contracts do not attract the required investments and Aijelb companies in the implementation of the risk with no guarantee utilization of the work.

The investment contracts but are restoring capital of the investing companies with a small profit margin after the State owner of the fully example, to Iran, which is now suffering from the advent of companies invested and Titar every time to change some of the conditions for companies wishing Htarhaha in international tenders for research and development, though this has not been required and the lack of companies that embarked on their investment. The nature of the oil agreements made between the two world wars between the companies and the oil monopoly's oil wealth, Iraq is in fact (conventions unilaterally, because the region is under the influence of the oil companies have, therefore, the oil companies, for its part, the formulation of these conventions that have committed the rulers of the region, including the rulers of Iraq to sign long-term oil agreements under the pressure of the British warships. the advantage of these conventions in the overall concession, which covered all the borders of the country by land, sea and left no room for the entry of other firms into the country itself, and did not give these conventions priority for citizens to work in the company, so that the country remains dependent on foreign expertise and imported labor, which was often in a foreign, and not give these contracts to be given to the oil industry in the country's oil-producing). Most resorted to the oil producing countries because of poor administrative abilities in government agencies and the private sector to contract with companies Alajneh for the implementation, operation and maintenance of oil and Adarhalmarwat which helped to entrench dependency and weakened its chances of growth management capabilities of local projects, paved the way to deepen the interests of foreign oil companies in the long run than able to be influential lobby of influential men in every political system and met with corporate interests with the interests of some leaders and non-bureaucratic red tape of the profiteers and opportunists, managed oil companies in which to exercise the greatest possible freedom in decision-making and follow the rules for recruitment, and the application of appropriate incentives as it deems the methods and means, administrative regulations making it easier for foreign companies to get huge profits.

The large oil revenue due in large part to the major industrial nations in the investment returns remained under the control of those countries, under the influence of economic and political factors. that concession contracts was prevalent in all the conventions exploitative oil in the Middle East, the first half of the twentieth century (see : contracts Conventions Iraqi oil companies and British oil company British contracts and agreements with the Iranian company wells, the Egyptian oil company Konorada United States in Egypt, the company Occidental in Libya and a company Marathon for American in Libya and Saudi oil agreements with Standard Oil (California) and Aramco and Pacific Western Oil Corporation and conventions 50/50 profits in Venezuela, the oil agreements with the oil company and the Turkish and Iraqi Oil Company Limited and British Oil Company of Basra, and conventions 50/50 profits in Iraq). In the decades participation production agreements concluded in the early exploration and expansion of production early last century oil is owned by the government when it is in the reservoir, as well as the King of the government when production but "formality" if the contract involves only the participation of the owner state profits without a share of less than a certain percentage the share of the company involved and because the company's owner has a larger share of excellence in the extraction, production participation conventions give a manifestation of sovereignty over natural resources, which described the state as "the owner of resources, and the foreign company is the owner of the project and familiarity with all Yah, in fact, most analysts acknowledge that the oil industry contract terms can write the formula to participate in certain proportions each party with some details that serve the interest of both parties if the State of the donor held in a good economic situation and comforting either not be contrary to the conditions and comfortable equal negotiations between the two parties, On the other hand, could write the contract language to influence such as privatization of the traditional, where the company by certain administrative control and also share profits with "for the state owns, The two-part production agreements usually 30th or 40th year, or even more, but here could be writing these contracts more equitable formula "to make maximum use of the State with a share of the investing company and the format of the participation of the number of years of relatively lower than previous years and must be involved share certain imposed by the State because, in all cases, whatever the proportion of the company will be benefiting from the investment only if returns Vimabaad less than expected from the proceeds of the sale, which makes it not regain the capital invested in certain amounts of the profits as it is not unreasonable that companies are investing money "in these projects only to recover capital Capital only in the absence of material benefit and economic investment, but it must not give these companies the ability to create the economic and political difficulties for future contracts, The most evident effect of the partnership agreements in its known at the beginning of the past century was that the state receive less revenue as foreign companies have the largest share of the production, and the cost implications of the national economy during the period of the contracts on hundreds of billions of dollars, given that a large share of the oil company's invested with the royal reduce the State's share could have a major impact on health, education and public infrastructure. We must therefore be within the powers invested in the company to change oil policy and directed economically in the country that does not exceed the limits of the State to participate in breach of the political and economic sovereignty of the State and, therefore, we must emphasize the details of contracts to be detailed and giving a role for the recruitment and training of the hand, the state owns, as well as revenue from the sale of oil as a percentage of participation of each party.
There Tathirkber in these conventions on manpower, while the projects owned by the public sector, including employment and skills development as part of the national objectives, the sole objective of the private companies is to increase profits to the maximum extent possible, The international oil companies to achieve this goal by consistently reduce the size of their workforce, and that these companies bring many of the workers from abroad. Although the government had negotiated to include a certain percentage of workers in the local national conventions participation decades of production, usually the foreign technical and managerial roles, thus leaving the people of the country to fill jobs with low wages and low skills, Moreover, the companies have the right to control the rate of oil production, production participation agreements contain "on the conditions of stability", which makes companies immune effectively against any legislation. It is possible to overcome this issue include the participation Altenvia all conditions for the benefit of the State or for the benefit of each company according to the percentage of participation, including the employment of all kinds, but could include the recovery of some of the money resulting from the profits of the companies in the restricted part "invest these sums in other service projects in the same area of the contract. the Iraqi Civil Code 1951 a reflection of the ideological vision of ownership towards the private sector, the aborted coup in July 1958 of this law, a discovered fields since the passage of the Law No. (80) of 1961, which the United all land unused by the companies at the time, had been discovered and evaluated the hands of Iraqi alone or in collaboration with Russian and French companies, and a number of other foreign companies through service contracts technical routine. the independent oil policy a MTV maintained by the government of a coup in July 1958, the model adopted by most developing countries since that time, which culminated in national law No. (80) which was the subject of oil major topic in a timely manner the effects of world attention after the oil nationalization of oil industry in Iran in 1951, and d re-oil states in the Arab Gulf region and the countries of northern Africa and Latin America, reconsidered and negotiate with the oil companies operating in their respective countries, on the rights of national wealth in oil and gas, k n that at the height of nationalization in some producing countries such as Iraq, Libya and Algeria, but who wants to see him to know that the decisions on nationalization in those countries except Iraq decisions nationalization certain percentage of the concessionaire and not the whole (such as Libya nationalized all the decisions were nationalized by the 51% no more), and even, Venezuela except Saudi Arabia, which granted the concession contract in full and then bought shares of companies in full, P States were told this concession agreements and turned Enforcement Section of the nationalization of certain rate and other countries after negotiations to partnership agreements but by the Supreme certain of the State and not of the company's concession with the highest rate of distribution of the proceeds of each as well as guaranteed by the conventions of both labor and skilled technical and non-technical or p god is a national point of the owner, are being trained by the company invested in the light of the The participation, and the unity of Iraq, which the United nationalization of the entire quota and the risk in relying solely on returns from sales in developing the oil sector without the participation of companies and the development of cadre based on the reality of the situation and Pklv high than if the situation even for the participation agreements. The role of the international oil companies on oil policy : the international oil companies play their roles of direct and indirect (clandestine) in the planning and implementation of things from a long-term contract agreements so as to guarantee them access to the biggest benefits of producing and Amesthlklh oil route in all ways, including to the eradication of the small companies and the threat to the security of oil. The control of the oil market to the pre - 50th years seven international companies, including five American (F-Standard Oil of New Jersey, Mobil Oil, Texaco, Gulf Company, Standard California, Shell, the British oil company), Company (New Jersey Standard Oil Krburishn) of the first American companies and the largest and oldest, which produces oil in 14 countries and in 36 reminiscent of the state and sell in the 100th State, and the sales of that company alone several billions of dollars annually. Each of these companies had formed subsidiaries to manage certain operations (marketing, distribution, refining), the original oil companies sell their branches at prices different from market prices and share profits with them, and the big companies exploit this relationship between them and branches in the pressure on the oil producing countries, for example, were manipulating the prices of crude oil, where a claim sudden reduce the sale price of crude at the port of export, and was supposed to lower profits and the profits of oil producing countries result of the decline in crude prices, but the oil-producing state is losing, either company, it sells crude subsidiary companies of which is transported, refined and marketed and sold to consumers in the end Bsarmertwa The final outcome the company's original branches, In the light of these trends, the secret of these companies when fighting a giant company or another, they fight in cruelty and ferocity weight lead to the bankruptcy and ruin companies, and is owned by the major companies of capital and profits weight to reduce prices to the extent that it loses some what has surplus, and at the same time lead to the bankruptcy of small firms that do not bear the burden of selling oil to those low prices, led Takraramlyat manipulation of oil prices by large companies to smaller companies going bankrupt, forcing small companies that are subject to bow to the policies and directions of major companies, For the time being reversed corporate policy with the political climate of the world as a whole is no longer a corporate exercise such practices even become invested contracts no longer participating interest in only the physical aspect and the economic benefit to them.
The changing structure of the oil industry in the West, drastically and perhaps permanently in 1973. Changed control of the oil resources and global moved from multinational oil companies to a small number of oil-producing countries, and most members of OPEC. The oil crisis in 1974-73 and the rise in oil prices which followed the first two in 1973 and one in the late 1970s, forcing the Western countries on the restructuring of its energy through emphasis on the level of economic growth for several reasons : 1 - The oil of this region is a good case with enormous reserve. 2 - that the bulk of this oil aims to export, where the needs of the producing countries are relatively few and are expected to continue a few. 3 - is the fact that these countries lack the capital and technology to independently identify the development of offshore fields, which gives a great opportunity for American companies such as Chevron.
In this context, how can we understand and better economic and geopolitical goals of the United States in the Arab Gulf region and Central Asia, Aljoibolteki actual level, the United States wishes to help Central Asian countries in the development of oil and natural gas. According to the estimates of the American government, this development will lead to economic growth and the movement of the global economy and will help these countries to move outside the framework of Russian and Chinese influence next. On the economic development of the petroleum industry to these countries mean investment opportunities to foreign companies either by construction companies or oil companies, politically, the United States will be insured on this new and important source of energy in order to diversify resources. And this has been the strengthening of American companies by the government at least in the two most important in Central Asia, Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan. To summarize American foreign policy in the Arab Gulf in general ", especially in Central Asia," it is based on the following :-* USA desire to help the former Soviet republics of Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan especially for the development of oil and natural gas and to ensure economic security for the most important petroleum area in the world in oil reserves in the Gulf Arab. * Through the development of oil and gas industries, which would bring about economic growth the United States hopes to attract them from the scope of influence of Russia and China. * The United States government actively supports and American companies in the areas of oil involved in the process of oil development, in addition to the construction of pipelines, which will link the West oil. * The United States will seek to link the oil coming from these countries to the world market in order to diversify the sources and maintain the low level of prices. * The United States government believes that economic growth will lead to the development of regional stability resolving local disputes.
The previous paragraph was of the statement and explained that Western companies and the countries that were its political and economic control to full oil states have changed their objectives and planning Alstratiji to the policy of political and economic partnership would safeguard the common interests between them and the oil wealth and changed their policies with either oil or political intervention and today, the world has changed to become the world economy and relations of mutual economic benefit. Iraq and the oil wealth : oil discovered in Iraq in the mid-1920s and was the first to grant concessions has been the Iraqi oil company British (Oil Company), been drafted held oil sector investment at the beginning of the establishment of the modern Iraqi state on the basis of concession contracts which the companies entire process with a share of the profits from their sale to the Iraqi government and the unjust time. The Iraqi government signed three agreements long-term (for 75 years), first with the British Oil Company Ltd., a concession of 75 years with effect from March 14, 1925 and ending in 2000, The two with the British oil company Mosul limited concession period of 75 years with effect from 25 Maes 1932 and ending in 2007, three with Basra Oil Company Inc., a concession of 75 years with effect from November 30, 1938 and ending in 2013, in addition to obtaining British Oil Company in 1931 to a Teaz in the establishment of oil pipelines in Iraq to the sea ports. These conventions have given priority to citizens to work in the company, so that the country remains dependent on foreign expertise and imported labor, which was often in foreign countries, also did not meet these companies attention on the establishment of the oil industry in the country's oil-producing). The case of these conventions that were nationalized all quotas concessionaire companies and then entered Iraq in the middle of a state that is responsible for the oil industry from A to Z. This, in turn, be a heavy burden on developing countries at the time and were subject to risk in the economy of the State, however, the government did not questions oil and economy nothing, "but rather the adoption of the full qualifies them from the national cadres, despite the fact that the government's cadre, which qualified him in the era of dictatorship was based on party loyalty rather than professional competence, just to be a Ba'athist party to send to the major industrial countries, which owns companies with expertise efficient. after the appointment instead of the investing companies, however, and became the dominant party, however, the fascist and his gang whether in the appointment or in the rehabilitation of cadres and teams that were trained and rehabilitation with scientific efficiency The process, or do not have important to continue to move in the management of the oil sector, nationally and at the expense of efficiency and successful management and becoming a State need to consult spe******ts in the Tmalcharkate multinational force and to use with the owner of the large companies for the training of cadres, despite what has been found now is the same as the former one-party system instead become the appointments, however, parties and only enough to be your support by the dominant party to the ministry to be the director of a company or Director of the fields or section manager This is one of the fatal mistakes in the petroleum industry. All the oil projects in national employment during the era of the dead - and-buried losing does not depend on into line that has been painted since the beginning of the oil industry, which is based on reducing the time, cost and the repeated errors causing losses, there is punishable cadre of national and outside the scope of the operation efficiency standards, but the intervention by the partisan loyalties and personal relations, but even companies included service contracts to deal with his opinion itself. Foreign investment : "Despite the controversy over the feasibility of foreign investment and the role of multinational companies, nobody can ignore the importance for advancing economic and social development in developing countries, at the same time incorrectly who think that the benefits to Developing countries as a result of attracting such investments can be obtained at no cost, Applied evidence indicates that multinational corporations are the objectives and motivations are seeking to achieve other from behind the internationalization of investments and activities in various foreign countries (host). The traditional theory assumes that foreign investment is a game of one party leaving the winner of multinational companies, in most cases, if not in all cases, or, in other words, that foreign investments by multinational companies take more than give as opposed to modern theory and traditional view on feasibility of foreign investments (in particular the direct ones) to boost the overall development in the developing countries, the presumption Unlike traditional theory assumes that the modern theory of foreign investments governed by the common interests between the two sides of the investment (host nations and multinational companies), they are not as a game of one party concept foreign investment and the importance of foreign investment means : investment by a foreign investor in any kind of stocks ownerships including tangible and intangible property rights relating to the shares and other forms of partnership in a condition of participation, intellectual property rights and technical expertise. It has become foreign investment in the economy of the contemporary sources of funding for important economic development projects, especially in developing countries and Eastern European countries and Independent States (former Soviet Union), the decade of the 1990s was marked by the large flows of capital, whether loans or investments helped to document the interface between many of the great global companies and international financial institutions and countries and contributed to the establishment of new investment and the expansion of markets has increased the importance of foreign investment and its role in the development process in all developing countries, after changes in the international financial system in the wake of the crisis of foreign debt since the early 1980s, which led to those changes deflation other sources of financing, the role became much commercial banks in financing investments in developing countries, having played a very important role during the 1970s and the changes in these other sources of funding, the increased importance of foreign investment has increased significantly, it enjoys advantages The bold, as it was creator of the debt and not be subject to conditionality other sources and non-political status. Badesqut oil industry management system infidelity and Citizen : oil exploration operations are increasing after the First World War, emerged as the Second World War, the great importance of the areas of oil and its fundamental role in the Altjarhaldolih In industries in international politics and its impact on the balance of Aquiukhtarh tipped in the other, which led to the move by some major oil states, including Iraq. After the occurrence of Iraq under the influence of the dominant State and Britain that was signed on Iraqi state concession contracts and unfair in the case of Iraq if all nations such as Iran and the Arabian Gulf to North Africa, Latin America and South-East Asia and the occurrence of these countries, including Iraq under the concession agreements for international companies owned or dominant States it territories, the concession contracts in that period where the money contributed by donors for the holding of the State in labor contributed by international companies with was that this resulted in the state's share of the contract to benefit much less from the company but controls the company became the main supplier of a donor of the contract through manipulation the quantity of production and therefore the amount of the main financial resource of the State. The concession contracts signed by the Royal government contracts are long-time ceiling is owned by the State in which only a portion of the profits of the sale of oil that was not only dependent economy of the State and resources on this little revenue.
In 1959 began talks between the Iraqi government and Iraq's Oil Company to amend the concession contracts obtained by the British oil company, led the negotiations three years, during which the company resorted to a new way to put pressure on the Iraqi government by not increase oil production, affecting the income of the Iraqi government, which escalated in time the government's need for money, in the same period increased production figures in neighboring countries between 9%, 12% and more than half of Iraq's production%, entered negotiations between the oil company and the Iraqi government in a critical phase, the company resorted to reduce Iraq's oil production by 30%, and this has put pressure on government Iraq to succumb to the demands of the company. Subjected Iraqi government to corporate policies that control the oil industry in Iraq in 1972 when the regime in the United Khtohger calculated and deliberate practice, but depending on the policy of favoritism, especially with France at the time in giving preference to French companies to make the utmost use of Iraqi oil, which led to success the process of nationalization, but did not make the most of it is because of what happened exploitation of oil resources in building a military arsenal, waging wars, No funds will be used for Iraqi oil in the development and reducing the cost and time factors in the distribution of revenues and wealth for the Iraqi people and this religiously "as a Muslim is the right of the Iraqi people to Aitalb their revenues wealth and God is in the land and also" legally "in the beginnings of the extraction of oil contracts Investment participation and the owner of the land gives extracted from the oil revenues under the agreement and conditions, But the impact of the infidel Baathist regime, backed by the oil industry management to the formation of cumulative experience and national cadre at the expense of efficiency of operations planning, training and the time and cost factors of who are the basis for the success of the process of investment in the petroleum industry and this was wasting huge sums of money in building the infrastructure of the Iraqi oil industry is simple structure what is in connecting major companies and the industrialized countries, which is owned and proof that what has been exploited from the fields of Iraq a small percentage of existing reserves and to a small number of discovered fields and because the purpose of the nationalization of all the development of the oil industry giant oilfields of Iraq as having large amounts needed to be very Yassin State could not provide technology to be applied to ensure its staff cost and time to increase the efficiency of the management of the sector and the establishment of a network of oil industry have developed what is coming from operations in the area of exploration and extraction and the production of Iraqi oil less costly and less time to ensure the highest benefit from the exploitation of oil wealth in Iraq.
Now that we have gone past, including the loss and waste of money for the oil and leave Iraq's oil industry is on the even of totalitarian regimes such as Libya, Venezuela, Iran, Based on the management of the oil industry in Iraq and move management sector is completely different from the past and work according to the investment and productive development located on the world level, whatever ", the formula of investment contracts, whether domestic or foreign participation or nationalized must take into account what is beneficial to the Iraqi state, with an appeal to the reality Iraq's devastated infrastructure damaged to below zero. The introduction of any form of investment contract depends on both parties and the Iraqi state companies wishing and their respective positions on the political, economic and financial terms fact is the one that imposes a contract and the type and conditions contained in the contract if the State has the ability to spending The privatization of the huge funds required for the advancement by the Iraqi oil industry (an estimated 30 to 40 billion for the next ten years to reach the limits of production ceiling of six million barrels per day) and the Wolf less time and Atjbr Iraqi state can be leveraged to the trend formulas contracts and less burdensome contracts participation unfair or contracts monopoly and the minister said, but could be contracted to participate with the proportion of state-owned companies and the highest drafted contracts include features formation and training of a national cadre of companies involved in the supervision and management and the financial benefits to ensure the arrival of the largest international investments and forcing companies to invest part of its oil revenues in the development and rehabilitation of other industries the bypass Kalpetrokimiaoyat and oil derivatives in Iraq with forcing companies invested in the development of cities in the concession areas and civilian structurally from the reality of mutual interests. Yes, the right to revive the Iraqi National Oil Company to assume all the operations of exploration and extraction of oil in all Iraqi territory and made a consultative body to the Ministry of Oil and manage all of Gaza Iraq's oil and supervision of all national and foreign companies in the future, both national companies, or companies that will participate contracts participation and the role of education to foreign companies in the directed to the benefit of the state and the imposition of the formation and training of national cadres in the company and brief them on the assets of these companies from the efficient management operations and technology available to it and forcing it to the application of the latest technology in ways the world to ensure good management and the health of its investment trends in the imposition of the recruitment and training of the Iraqi national companies and this must be linked to foreign companies only with the supervision authority is only here the Iraqi National Oil Company and the example of this talk the law establishing the National Foundation for oil in Libya who wants to be blamed and look at the amount and terms of reference of this institution in every sense than when we talked earlier. " In recent decades, we find that participation in production at certain rates should not increase the share of the company to be awarded the contract on the share or shares of State awarded the contract and shared with companies wishing to invest in Iraq, where such contracts is to bring Alamoa necessary for the development of the Iraqi economy, and in particular the oil sector and to provide him with all the Mamujud M. evolution in the industry and technology available in the world and help in the development of infrastructure of the Iraqi economy and its dynamics in the future. At the end of the study examples of countries which granted multinational companies concession contracts and participation in certain proportions here is not a company controlled by the major share of the entire project or policy affecting the project or affect the policy and economy of the State donor of the concession or participation.
Examples of whether state-oil such as Iran nationalized the oil industry began feeling the need for foreign investment in oil and gas fields to develop whatever, "the formula Walt posed contracts from time to time to attract the necessary funds to develop and increase production and the value of its reserves, according found formulas contracts and the nature of the bids put forward by Iran in this regard and as stated by Mohsin Al Ihiwi (member of the Energy Committee of the Majles) : What to read : When he asked the broadcaster from Tehran in Iran, the world Canal theme of the energy and location in today's world of 25 \ 2 \ 2007 asked the presenter Mahmoud RMC : On the technical side Are there actions by Iranian companies, or is there some kind of partnership between the Iranian and foreign companies? Mohsin Al Ihiwi replied : certainly not any State may declare that in the indispensable need for the rest of the successes we have achieved in many fields and many things, certainly we need to help others. the Caspian Sea and Central Asia, Azerbaijan : Azerbaijan belongs to one of the richest oil regions in the world, and has a long history in the production of oil and natural gas, and irrespective of the production of oil, Azerbaijan still possesses valuable reserves of oil, which had remained idle during the twentieth century, how the extraction of oil from the ground has tended to use most areas and the increasing consumption of major industrial countries went prospecting for oil to maritime zones and the continental shelf, which began only in the middle of this century but little depth, the Say maritime statute, which I retrieved from the oil fields was the ground in 1949. When depleted this source, was replaced by another realm discovered in 1980. By 1991 now covers 57% of the products of Azerbaijan, and a to add to this, the marine discoveries of oil reserves in the Caspian Sea borne fruit in the 1980s, the discovery of three fundamental fields in Hiraj, and Azeri, and Kapaz, at a depth significantly. The problem is that the old Soviet oil industry has successfully the development of the marine and oil fields had been among the first to this field, it has achieved this through mass preliminary, the Soviet oil industry has never been able to develop technology to the fields of marine depth. for this, the oil fields of Azerbaijan Navy, to a large extent remained unexploited, signed the government of Azerbaijan invited foreign oil companies that have the basic technology and capital projects, and organization necessary for the development of oil fields in three maritime infrastructure through Azerbaijan company's international operation which is a consortium consisting of twelve companies, Wa negotiations for the development of these fields contain complex issues whether legal or technical, commercial, the most important problem is lack of legal framework for the development and exploitation of oil Azerbaijan, moreover, the restructuring of the oil industry and internal negotiation with the foreign companies had been hampered by frequent changes of government, and P j improving figure for foreign investments, the Azerbaijan concentrated on the development of legal frameworks more flexible in oil contracts, P under this framework, the government of Azerbaijan was founded in August 1992 Oil Company general public companies foundations of the modern international oil, and all negotiations with the foreign companies is through these government companies, while development through venture capital interest in a time e, and for compatibility with the international practice and the completion of negotiations with the greatest possible speed, the Azerbaijani government also thought the introduction of experience in international advisers.
In addition to the development of offshore fields, which have already begun, the Azerbaijan continued exploitation of the reserves in the Caspian Sea, the other in the part that belongs to Azerbaijan in the Caspian, has been identified about 24 sites as suitable for the exploration. It is clear that the development of the energy sector will have beneficial effects on the development of the economy of Azerbaijan in general, and that the form of the energy sector in Azerbaijan will depend on whether the new projects for the exploitation of new reserves in the seabed proved to be satisfactory, The budget is expected to show improvement compared with the current year, especially if the exploitation of oil field Jinshli without obstacles, and in the long term, the total production of oil is expected to reach 25.6 million tons in 2000 and 45.2 million tons in 2005. And then, the exploitation of other marine reserves of the fields will have started and as domestic consumption is not expected to rise strongly, the total quantity of oil for export is expected to reach 20.8 million tons in 2000 and 39.7 tons in 2005. Kazakhstan : Kazakhstan is the second in the order after Azerbaijan within the oil producing countries in the former Soviet republics, Kazakhstan also controlled many sources of energy, and because of the location of the state and transit routes and pipelines, Kazakhstan has a quote on the map of the transport of oil to the Russian Federation Federal and to Western Europe. Oil represents 15% of total exports to Kazakhstan, and if the pace of reform and the transfer of foreign investments, according to the schedule, it is estimated that oil would represent 60% of the exports of Kazakhstan in 1998. Kazakhstan has tried to attract foreign investors with advanced technology and expertise to exploit the oil reserves. And a large number of foreign investors where progress has been made. The most important of these investments include an agreement with Chevron to develop the Tengiz oil field in western Kazakhstan, and the agreement with the consortium for the development of the British gas field in northern Kazakhstan, Chevron has begun investments in Tengiz in 1993, and when completed, is expected to reach the level of 20 billion dollars, while the investments British Gas consortium is approximately the same size. The completion of these investments will have significant results in the export of oil and economic development in Kazakhstan.
Therefore, it would be advantageous to have understanding and awareness that Iraq now needs to huge funds to eliminate debt and government spending to build the economy of a code of Ainkamsh or move depending on pumping money from the export of oil balance up and down the rate of a barrel of oil, but the establishment of a network Merbhavi economic aspects of the bridge in consumption productive sectors of the State of others as do states Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia where Kuwait is a part of investing oil money to invest in real estate projects and oil derivatives in Europe, which is highly significant financial returns it can not be shaken, the revelations of the oil price trend, as well as Saudi Arabia, where oil money invested in petrochemicals, export and the participation of companies in some areas, an international industrial and petrochemicals as well as to Libya, where the state invests in several areas in the African continent, despite the fact that the proceeds of these investments are already in the pockets and not the Libyan people. The contracts are currently in production in several countries were signing these contracts with participation rates, regardless of their insignificance for a country, as in Angola is a result of the financial and economic outcome and then all of the consequences of the political status of the state where freedom was discovered fields in the territorial waters of Angola and international companies participated Coalition company and the British oil company ENI, the Italian company Conoco Philip America in exploration and access to commercial production, as in the contracts in the State of Oman between the British and Dutch Shell Oil Company Oman, also participating in the contracts, and in contracts for the riparian states in the Caspian Sea, where most of decades of research and development is the participation of certain contracts between the state and a coalition of investor companies and those who want can be found by searching in the research centers international and local oil in each country in addition to the libraries of the oil companies Special in every country.
States participating contracts involved and the concession companies contracting with : 1. Angola : Angola, in one example, no more, the concession area of marine 14 with the participation of both the [Cabinda Golf Oil Company a branch of the American Chevron contributes rate of (31%), the duty of Angola (Italy), a rate of (20%), oil company Sonanjul rate of (20%), oil company TotalFinaElf Angola (French) rate of (20%), oil company Petrogal (Portuguese) rate of (9%). 2. Oman Oil Company : Oman Oil Development Company is the largest company in the Sultanate of Oman for exploration of oil and gas and production, and produce more than 90% of the country's crude oil production and the country's natural gas, and the government of Oman owns 60% of the company's shares with the rest of the shares distributed as follows : Royal Deth Shell (34%), TotalFinaElf (4%), Barteks (2%), has been found on the first economic quantity of oil in 1962. 3. Saudi Aramco : in 1933 the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia granted oil exploration concession to the company Standard Oil Company of California (Kasok), which is an affiliate of Standard Oil Company of California (Sokal, now known as Chevron). Thus begins prospecting for oil on the east coast of the Kingdom, and in 1936 Texas Company (now known as Texaco, which is part of Chevron) spoiled share amounting to a 50% concession in Sokal, in 1944 Kasok changed its name to the Arabian American Oil Company (Aramco), In 1980 Titan full state quotas, other companies participating in the Aramco At the present time runs the whole state of the oil industry, in partnership with companies such as Tcassasco (Chevron) refining and marketing operations, The reason for the state owns all the shares of the companies participating in the extraction was due to the financial surplus exists with the present and the unjust privilege of holding the outset it with sound economic policy would provide the necessary funds in the future to get rid of the partnership to buy shares of participants in the partnership at the beginning of the need to provide capital for the development of Esthmareh oil fields in the State of Saudi Arabia. .
In Act No. 24 of 1970 was established by the National Oil Corporation, in a country such as Libya is a totalitarian regime with the kind of leader needed above presence in Iraq, the law establishing the institution making power to approve everything is on the supervision of all operations of the oil sector in Libya and commissioned by association with foreign companies investing in Libya's oil. At the beginning of exploration and access to stabilize commercial presence has been holding closed concession agreements for the benefit of companies with the government during the monarchy in Libya with the law passed by the government oil property No. 25 of 1955 which resembles Qguanben oil in the 1920s in Iraq, Iran and Saudi Arabia laws privilege purely for the benefit of the giant companies of the major then Asso such as Shell, and British Petroleum. After the military coup in 1969 and the advent of a totalitarian regime was the drafting of a law on oil No. 82 of 1973, was the abolition of the division of Libya to concession areas covering all parts of the state and the country Alemenatq (Block) to be agreed upon with companies interested in investment and exploration in Libya. The government nationalized the military coup Libyan parts of the shares of major companies, which runs the Libyan oil for the royal era, was estimated quotas nationalized 51% of the shares of companies Occidental, Grace and Company Eisso and dominant and Gilsenberg all American companies and also the same companies Marton and Auisz American National Foundation and entrusted to the management of oil quotas the Libyan government obtained gun nationalization and the formation of a Libyan involvement Bal 51% share of Libyan with these companies and this oasis formed company with the participation of companies and Marathon Auisz America, as well as the company as Zoitinh Libyan participation rate of 51% with companies Occidental and Eisso and below is the companies that linked the Libyan government with the major firms the participation of multinational contracts and no companies are as old concession contracts in areas considered non-feasibility of the investment or what it termed his release land Dead others expected by the presence of oil. Below companies operating in Libya, whether the participation of the various contracts or concession terms of previous decades in the last century.
Viasm one company Gulf Oil bought the Libyan government quota remaining after the nationalization of the 51% in favor of the state, leaving 49% in favor of the company Allaslih owns a British oil company for the production of two Sirte manufacturing and oil and gas company to Libyan been set by the Libyan government in full (the concession company) 3 cornerstone for the petroleum refining Libyan company has been founded by the Libyan government in full (the concession company) he top four for manufacturing oil and gas company Libyan been founded by the Libyan government in full (the concession company) 5 Albrika Oil Marketing Company has been founded to Libyan Menkebl Libyan government fully (the concession company) for the drilling of six national and maintenance of oil wells (the contractors) 7 Hamada of the pipeline (the contractors) 8 Jawf of technical oil (originally Baroid Company of America, which was nationalized 51% of its shares bought by the Libyan government then in full), (the contractor) 9 national fuel oil fields and ports (the contractor) 10 or 11 Aljoabi North Africa for geophysical exploration (a contractor) 12 oil Research Center Training Center 13 Center qualitative training ranks with 14 oil Institute for Rehabilitation and Training Center for Space local 15 Mediterranean (company contractors) with the participation of companies Almesshaloutneh oil : T. operator foreign partner turnout by the Libyan one partner Eni Oil Ltd. Eni 50% 50% 2 of the operations of Veba Oil Petro 51% 49% 3 Azwaitinh or mother determined upon completion of four negotiating partners oasis oasis 59.16% 40.84%

Companies conventions exploration and production shared : 1 T. operator Agip North Africa and the Middle East Ltd. 51% of the Libyan government, 49% of the oil company Eni two Italian Repsol, or for exploration. Or. In Libya in 51% of the Libyan government, 49 of the Spanish company Repsol or three. Or. in the exploration and production of oil and Huski limited 4 Veba for exploration 51% of the Libyan government, 49 of the German company Veba (in 2005 the company bought the Petro share of the German company) 5 Total / A Repsol Aktian 6 / Total / or. Or. in / leg of the oil companies concession contracts in full (100% of the foreign partner) : T. company name one company Ftrshal (German company) the truth only limited examples of this shortened due to the presence of a large number of examples of European national and revolutionary struggle against colonialism and signed agreements participation and sharing in the production with most of the companies designated by the Revolutionary States of America and British imperialism and even signed contracts for the participation and sharing of M. multinational companies, I say this and I pray that the comfort of the large number of defendants Science and Revolutionary Struggle and the National us and the Iraqi opposition before the fall as well. Sources : 1. Oil-importance, the risk of challenges to Dr. Bewar Jense \ Netherlands in 2005. 2. Iraqi oil today - Eng peace Kabbah. 3. Foreign investment in Libya (a. SHRINE Mohamed Bin tribal) - Libya in 2006. 4. The National Foundation for the oil-for Libya. 5. Marine oil fields discovered and the companies participating in investing in Angola and the Caspian Sea. 6. The political geography of oil in the Central Asian Center for Political and strategic outlook-Ahram Foundation Abir Mohamed Yassin-1998. 7. Drilling of ships and floating offshore platforms and equipment - Dr. Riley-Sheffield United States in 1980.

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Originally Posted by Webster

This came up for me
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thanks

Good to see you posting D-E.